Is corporate social responsibility just a new trend or is it the Essay

Is corporate social responsibility just a new trend or is it the modern business modus operandi - Essay Example The author reckons that the best practices in modern business, variably referred to as â€Å"dominant coalition† play an important role in the identification of the appropriate combination of practices such as a strong and informed management. Great strides have taken place in ensuring that contributions in the social process are central in the definition of corporate goals. Corporate responsibility has therefore evolved to accommodate corporate social responsibility, which is more responsive of the social needs of the workforce as well as the surrounding society. Making the needs of the society an integral part of wealth creation in the modern corporate world shapes business at the highest community involvement level, by responding to social process in a sensitive approach. In this discourse, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is analyzed in terms of its modern and future usage in the corporate world, paying a special interest on its origins, applications, approaches, and interpretation. Flanked by a clear view of its impacts on decision making, the discourse ends by making inferences from the various perspectives (Money 2007, p1). In view of the basic observations contained in the paper, it is clear that CSR and its related business applications in the corporate world is perhaps one of the most dynamic machineries at the disposal of management. CSR can be traced back into the 1960s as a modification of corporate responsibility, which was an approach taking a corporation’s business targets off the usual and direct business players. In light of the roles of the philosophy behind establishment of CRS practices, it is clear that business objectives had to be shifted from purely business nature to incorporate some social aspects. According to Salzmann (2008, p8), contribution from scholars in the 1960s gave momentum to the CSR field as an emerging discipline in the corporate environment. The author reckons that the Bowen and McGuire through their contributions

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay Example for Free

Ensure Justice and Equity Essay On the one hand, fixed punishment will have a deterring effect on society. â€â€"Individuals knowing that they will be subject to a certain punishment if they are convicted with a given crime will reconsider committing this act in the first place. â€â€"This deterring effect also leads to social stability and security, through minimizing the number of crimes committed. â€â€"If people knew they would be able to convince the court or the jury of reason for having committed the crime they are accused of, penal decisions would be largely arbitrary. This would result into criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties is Competition Law where a person being held liable of a crime under this law will be convicted to pay a fine, according to the harm caused by the violation and the profit gained by the violator through committing the crime. As for the exemptions, in some countries the law exempts thieves stealing food during a period of famine taking into consideration the distress and hunger. Also, a person killing in self-defense will be exempted from punishment.

Comparing Housing Systems In Japan And Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay

Comparing Housing Systems In Japan And Malaysia Environmental Sciences Essay Housing plays an important role in a countrys economy, typically accounting for 10 to 20 per cent of total economic activity. In addition, housing is often an individuals biggest asset. The availability of housing finance is, therefore, crucial for overall economic development as well as for a households welfare and its quality of life. With the large-scale privatization of the housing sector, a need for housing finance systems arose in the countries with economies in transition. There are many good examples of effective housing in the region. However, while policy makers have had access to information and policy advice on individual systems, there has so far not been a method for comparing them that would help to determine their suitability for a particular country. This essay is to compare and contrast the housing system of two countries. Now compare and contraction the housing system of two countries. Countries name is japan and malaysia. These two countries people how to advertise and look for housing and also discuss which types of utilities are necessary and how they are installed. structure: Japanese House Traditional japanese houses are built by erecting wooden columns on top of a flat foundation made of packed earth or stones. The frame of a japanese house is made of wood, and the weight is supported by vertical columns, horizontal beams, and diagonal braces. One thing of japanese houses is that every house has a large roof and deep eaves to protect the house from the hot summer sun. [1] The houses of common people make differently. Farmers of the country, they were made to different style. The houses built in the gassho style. [2] One common things of japanese house is that when they make their house, they have many sliding doors. Sometimes they partition their rooms. This is the style seen in modern japanese houses today. Nowadays japanese used to cover the floor of entire rooms tatami mats. As the living room, where the family dines together, they used cabinet that holds the plates and bowls. Japanese use a heated table called kotatsu. Recently, people are beginning to look anew at the traditional methods of building houses. [3] Interior Design Traditional House:- Traditional japanese housing has kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Any room can be a living room, dining room, study, or bedroom. All the furniture is portable, being stored in oshijre, a small section of the house used for storage. Modern Homes:- Housing is typically listed in real estate. Rooms format is 1r or 2ldk. R designating room, l for living room, and k for kitchen. Japanese home has genkan or entryway; it includes a small area, as the same level as the outside. Malaysian House: On the other hand japanese and malaysian housing system are mostly different. Malaysian housing system is shown: The traditional malaysian housing process is highly autonomous, largely controlled by the user. Guided by building tradition and the village carpenter, the owner-builder designs a house that is uniquely suited to the familys socioeconomic and cultural situation. Not only does the traditional approach foster a better match of house to user, it keeps the cost down by eliminating the need for professional intermediaries such as architects or developers.   Self-help and cooperative labor are the resources upon which the owner-builder relies. The traditional malaysian house has an open interior, promoting good cross ventilation and lighting and allowing the space to be used for many purposes depending on the season, occasion, or time of day.   Since most activities take place on the floor, the need for furniture is minimal; bedding materials and sleeping mats are rolled up and stored during the day to eliminate the need for separate living and sleeping quarters. Interior spaces are defined, not by partitions or walls, but rather by changes in floor level; they may be respected or ignored, allowing the house to accommodate larger numbers of people than usual during, for example, feasts.   Malay houses  are traditional dwellings, originating before the arrival of foreign or modern influences, and constructed by the indigenous  ethnic malay  and  orangasli  peoples of the  malay peninsula  and their related bumiputra tribes of  east malaysia. [4] Using renewable  natural materials  including timber and  bamboo, the dwellings are often built without the use of metal including nails. Instead pre-cut holes and grooves are used to fit the timber elements into one another, effectively making it a prefabricated house. In sarawak and sabah  rattan  ropes were used to fasten bamboo pieces together. Although nails had been invented and in later houses used minimally for non-structural elements (for example, windows or panels), structural flexibility was a benefit which nailing inhibited. Without nails, a timber house could be dismantled and reconstructed in a new location. A traditional malay timber house usually in two parts: the main house called  rumah ibu  in honour of the mother (ibu) and the simpler  rumah dapur  or kitchen annex, which was separated from the main house for fire protection. Proportion was important to give the house a  human scale. The  rumah ibu  was named after the spacing between stilts which are said to typically follow the arms-spread width of the wife and mother in the family of the house when being built. At least one raised veranda (serambi) is attached to the house for seated work or relaxation, or where non-familiar visitors would be entertained, thus preserving the privacy of the interior. Venetian interior design or also known as cultured architecture is based on the famous city. Houses with such design usually showcase collected pieces and ornaments from around the world. Shelves are filled with vintage books and quirky items found in flea market and thrift stores. Paintings and murals displaying scenes from the city can be added to the interior to provide venetian vibe. [5] Interior Design Traditional House:- A traditional malay timber house usually in two parts. The main house called ruman lbu in honour. And second part is called ruman dapur or kitchen annex. One veranda is attached to the house. Summary: In this two countries, japan and malaysians houses are most different. Japanese house is made of wood. On the other hand malaysian house is made of bamboo. Japanese house structure and malaysian house structure is not same. Japanese houses built in the gassho style but malaysian houses built in the rumah ibu  and rumah dapur  or Kitchens annex style. How People Advertise And Look For Housing Buying A House: When buying a house Japanese people, see the newspaper, magazine, Real Estate Company, internet. First-home buyers usually visit a few properties before making a final decision and this can be a test for the memory, so take a digital camera and a pen and paper. Take photos and notes about the features, colours and negative and positive points of each residence. Then, when reviewing the properties in the comfort of your home, tick them off against your wish-list. There are some tried and tested things you should check for on the inside of the house. Mainly you want to identify anything that might be an extra cost, ranging from minor replacements to serious structural work. Here are a few nasty surprises to keep an eye out for: Turn the taps on in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry to check the water pressure, performance and drainage. Check for dirty water. You might like to leave the tap running for a minute and it cant hurt to drink the water for a taste test. Check the hot water system. Is it big enough for your needs? A family will need more hot water than a couple. Also check for leaks, rust and age. Replacing a busted hot water system can be expensive and is not the sort of thing you can put off. If it is gas, check for the systems last servicing. Bathrooms often have mould. Mould cant just be painted over. A serious problem will usually involve installing a new ceiling/wall and better ventilation. [6] Rent A House: Japanese people when rent a house they advertise newspaper, internet and many other ways. Here some ways to advertise rent a house in japans:- To rent an apartment in Japan, would-be tenants visit real estate agents located in every neighborhood and browse through copies of apartments for rent. These usually have the layout of the apartment for rent and the costs to rent this apartment. If would be tenant is interested in a particular apartment, the agent contacts the landlord to see if the apartment is still available and whether a visit could be arranged. Typically, a renter cannot rent an apartment on her or his own, but is required to have a guarantor who promises to pay the rent if problems arise. Traditionally, japanese  landlords  collect both a damage deposit and key money before the renter takes occupancy, and the real estate agent is also paid a months rent for services provided. Key money is a non-refundable payment to the landlord. In major cities like tokyo and osaka, key money is often a major investment in itself: up to six months rent in many cases. In recent years many landlords have begun demanding smaller amounts of key money, equal to two or three months rent or none at all. An industry of no-deposit apartments, called  monthly mansion  and  weekly mansion, has also sprouted up in major cities: these generally charge higher rents than traditional leases, and may offer some hotel-style amenities such as linen service. In tokyo, a typical rental agreement is for one year. Each year, this agreement is re-negotiated, and the renter pays an additional months rent as a fee. In many other cities, however, the one-year agreement is regarded simply as a minimum length of stay, and the rent does not change over the years. [7] Malaysia:- Buying Property Apartments/condominiums-of course, like most countries, apartments and condominiums are readily available all over malaysia for expects looking to buy property. With choices from small one-bedroom apartments to huge five or six bedroom condominiums, in kuala lumpur, smaller towns or even beach side places like langkawi and sarawak, theres an apartment for every taste. Prices for apartments and condominiums in malaysia too tend to be cheaper than in thailand and, of course, in singapore and hong kong. Semi-detached houses one of the popular types of residential property in malaysia are semi-detached houses. These are two houses built side by side, and connected on one side of the house. Cheaper than detached houses, they still offer a large space, and often huge gardens and back yards. Semi-detached houses do sometimes have noise issues as, sharing an adjoining wall; you can often hear your neighbors. If you get noisy ones, this can be a stressor, so make sure you know what youre letting yourself in for before buying and check the neighborhood (and next door neighbors!) Carefully. Bungalows detached houses, bungalows in malaysia are often designed like a traditional malaysia house. They are usually built in a compound'(basically means a wall surrounds the entire property), so you get a lot more privacy and security. Unlike a typical bungalow in the west, which is only one storey, bungalows in malaysia are technically just the name of a single-family homes and can be one, two or three-storey styles. Terraced houses terraced houses are all connected one to another in a row. If you can purchase one at the end of a row, theyre not much different than a semi-detached house but, if you do choose a terraced house, are aware youll have two neighbors with homes directly attached to yours. Terraced houses are a cheaper option for buying property in malaysia though. Just make sure theyre built to correct building code and check on fire provisions as, if a fire starts in one unit, it is possible for it to spread through every house on the terrace. Traditional shop houses shop houses are a stereotypical asian building and are found in most asian countries. These, again, are a row of terraced houses but with one major difference. The ground floor is usually, or has been, a space where a shop is operated. Theyre actually the in thing in many asian cities nowadays, with people buying them for the cool factor and then renovating them to thoroughly modern and beautiful homes. Malaysia also has many brand new shop houses, already built to the cool standard, all over the country that expects can buy. [8] renting property It is relatively cheap to rent a house or apartment in malaysia, except in central kuala lumpur where rental prices are higher. A wide range of properties are available, including large detached houses (known as bungalows), semi-detached and terraced houses, and apartments and condominiums. Condominiums are a popular choice among expatriates as they offer good security and a wide range of facilities often including a swimming pool, gymnasium, playground and tennis courts (see currency and cost of living section for typical kl rental prices). Some of the most popular areas of kuala lumpur for expatriate residence include kenny hills, damansara heights, and the city end of jalan ampang, bukit kiara, ampang, bangsar baru and taman tun dr. Ismail. Given the kl traffic congestion, it is important to choose a location carefully in relation to place of employment and, if needed, an international school. Furnished, semi-furnished and unfurnished properties are all widely available for rent, and can be found via the real estate agents who are numerous in urban areas and advertise in the local or national press. Some expatriate websites also advertise rental properties in their classifieds sections. One point worthy of note is that unfurnished properties are often completely empty, without even kitchen units or a cooker. Leases are usually drawn up for yearly renewal. The standard procedure for renting a property entails: Signing a letter of offer and paying one month rent as an earnest deposit. Within 7 days, paying two months rent as a security deposit, an amount in the region of rm1000 as a utility deposit (for electricity, power etc), stamp duties and disbursements. Signing and retaining a stamped copy of the tenancy agreement. [9] Japanese people when rent or look a house they advertise newspaper, internet and many other ways. Here some ways to advertise rent a house in japans:- 4: utilities: 4.1: japan:- Japanese people use their houses in many utilities. These utilities can help their house in many ways. There are three utilities:- Heating Electricity Security Heating Space heating, rather than central heating, is normal in japanese homes. Kerosene, gas, and electric units are common. Dwellings are commonly sold and rented without heating or cooling equipment. Occupants purchase appliances and take them when they move. The simplest kerosene burner has a tank for fuel, a mantle, and a control dial. Battery-operated electric ignition is a popular step up. The next rank has an electric fan to circulate hot air through the room. Many such units feature computer control of temperature. The computer can also turn them on and off on schedule. Windows in many homes have vents to open to protect the occupants from excessive exhaust gas. Kerosene and gas units have safety features to turn off the fire and cut off the fuel supply when the heater receives a shake, whether from an accident or due to earthquake. These units also usually shut off automatically after two or three hours to prevent carbon monoxide fumes from building up while the resident is sleeping. Electricity Japanese dwellings connected to the nations power grid have 100 v ac electricity at outlets throughout the home. The line frequency is 50 hz in eastern japan, and 60 hz in the western part of the country. Service of 30 or 50 a is typical. Many domestic appliances operate properly at either frequency. Outlets resemble those formerly used in the united states (see comparison), with two vertical slots. The slots are usually of equal width and many sockets lack earthing capability. Outlets in the kitchen, toilet, and bathroom, as well as those supplied by the ceiling for air-conditioning units do usually have earthing, either in the form of an extra round hole or a covered binding post. Devices designed for use with water, such as clothes washers and heated toilet seats, often have a separate earth wire or earth pin. Adapters are readily available to convert such plugs and so allow their use in all types of sockets. Lighting equipment, like heaters, is normally the provenance of the occupant. Many homes do not include lights in the living, dining, and bedrooms. Instead, they have receptacles that provide both electrical connection and mechanical support for lighting equipment. There are four common types of ceiling connectors and these will generally also support the weight of the light fitting. Kitchens, bathrooms, corridors and genkan are likely to have built-in ceiling fixtures. Security The interphone, or intercom, is a common sight in japanese homes. It provides telephone-like connection between the interior and exterior. The doorbell is frequently part of the interphone, and when it rings, the occupant can pick up a handset to talk with the visitor before opening the door. Models with video cameras are available, but a peephole in the door is sufficient for most homes. In japan the usual custom is for visitors to wait at the gate of the house before entering, and thus in houses the interphone speaker is placed at the gate of the house rather than directly before the front door. Nowadays there is very often an electrical lock on the gate which can be controlled from inside by the home owner, and camera equipped interphones are also common. [11] 4.2: malaysia:- Malaysian people use their houses in many utilities. These utilities can help their house in many ways. There are three utilities:- 1) electricity 2) gas 3) water 1) electricity in malaysia The voltage in malaysia is 240v with a frequency of 50 hertz. In rural areas it can sometimes alternate between 220v and 240v. Malaysia uses the same 3 prong plugs as the uk does. Therefore when traveling to malaysia, take a uk adapter instead of an asia one. The electricity supply in malaysia is very good. However, be prepared for occasional power cuts. Electricity bills are received by post and can be paid at a post office or in the office of the electricity supplier. 2) gas and water The major malaysian gas supplier is gas malaysia sdn. Bhd. However, it only supplies gas in peninsular malaysia. All other regions use bottled gas. Water supply is not managed by a major supplier but by individual authorities. 3) waste collection and recycling Household waste is usually collected once a week, whereas the collection is more frequent in the condominiums. Recycling in malaysia and kuala lumpur is not as advanced as in western states, but it is on its way to improvement. Recycling casks can usually be found in many apartment buildings and condominiums, or if not available, you can bring recycling waste to the nearest recycling centre. So far, only tin cans and plastic bottles are collected for recycling. [12] 5: conclusion:- Japans and malaysian housing system are different. Japanese house is made of wood but malaysian house is made of bamboo. Japanese house advertise and malaysian house advertise are also different. Japanese people advertise their house for rent and buy, they use internet, magazine. First-home buyers usually visit a few properties before making a final decision .on the other hand, malay people check out the classifieds for available property and people looking to share flats. Japanese utilities are heating, electricity, security but malaysian utilities are electricity, gas, water. Hole of this essay; see that japanese and malaysian housing system is not same.

Lack of Rule of Law in China Essay -- International Law

Aristotle once stated, â€Å"The rule of law is better than that of any individual.† The essential characteristics of rule of law are: the supremacy of law, meaning both the government and individuals are subject to the law; a concept of justice that emphasizes interpersonal adjudication, based on importance of standards and procedures; restrictions on discretionary power and exercise of legislative power by the executive; independent judiciary, judicial precedent and common law methodology; prospective, not retrospective legislation; and underlying moral basis for law. (Cooray) In China, the justice system has been based on rule â€Å"by† law, also known as â€Å"rule of men† instead of rule â€Å"of† law. In other words, law has been an instrument of the government, which holds itself above the law as opposed to law being supreme. The goal of laws here are to protect the interests of the state, not the individual, and to keep stringent social control. Ch ina’s leaders are beginning to realize that establishing the â€Å"rule of law† is critical to China’s ability to sustain its rapid economic growth. The lack of legal knowledge and transparency, the complex judiciary and legislative system and cultural barriers rooted deeply in society are just a few main reasons responsible for an inadequate rule of law in China. Due to the lack of tradition of rule of law and the Chinese Communist Party rejection of the kind of liberal democratic government associated with it faces multiple challenges in its establishment. Understanding the importance of modernizing Chinas culture has had leverage on the political and economic level have substantially increased the progress of reform towards the use of rule of law. Being the oldest continuous major world civilization... ...accountability of the Chinese police." Policing -Bradford- 20, no. 1: 113-135. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings, EBSCOhost (accessed March 25, 2012). Wong, Kam C. 2009. Chinese Policing: History and Reform. New York: Peter Lang. Wong, Kam C. 2011. "Reform to police accountability." In Police Reform in China, by Kam C. Wong, 299-363. CRC Press. Wong, Kam C. 2004. "The police legitimacy crisis and police law reform in China: Part I." International Journal Of Police Science & Management 6, no. 4: 199-218. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 25, 2012). Wong, Kam C. 2005. "The police legitimacy crisis and police law reform in China: Part II." International Journal of Police Science & Management 7, no. 1: 1-14. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 25, 2012).

The Education And Development In Uae Education Essay

After the constitution of the federation in United Arab Emirates, the Starting of the quality instruction has begun. In UAE till the university degree public instruction is free for male and females of United Arab Emirates. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between schools, primary schools and high schools. In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females about in Unites provinces of Emirates. In secondary school of UAE stayed less at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 per centum literacy and 96 per centum for females this record is submitted in ‘CIA World Factbook ‘ of UAE. Literacy rate of United Arab Emirates in 1989 was 53 % which is improved exponentially during the period of 2000-2007 and right now 90 % people of UAE peoples are literate it means they can read and compose easy. The state of affairs of private schools of UAE is better than authorities schools and in the large metropoliss like Dubai and Abu Dhabi there are about 50 % of pupils in private school of UAE. Harmonizing to World Bank study which is published in 2010, 16.83 was the student-teacher ratio ( pupil-teacher ratio ) of UAE. ( Gyimah, 2011 ) Earlier in 1960 before the find of oil, United Arab Emirates was a hapless state and its instruction system is worst every bit good. Harmonizing to surveies there were merely 15-20 schools in Dubai metropolis and Abu Dhabi had a same status. Those pupils who want to takes higher instruction they have to travel abroad chiefly to U.S. and England. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum dedicated his life to the development of national instruction system and provided the indispensable foundation for the modernisation of Dubai. Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan introduced CERT ( Centre of Excellence for Applied Research and Training ) in 1999 which supplying a different instruction system plan for all nationalities of UAE. In 2003 Education Ministry of United Arab Emirates followed â€Å" Education 2020 † which is a series of 5 twelvemonth programs introduced to improved advanced accomplishments of pupils, instruction techniques and self-learning qualities of pupils and besides intr oduced new enhanced course of study for math and scientific discipline for 1st grade degree in all authorities schools of UAE. Nowadays Education system of UAE besides includes foreign linguistic communication such as English, So that pupils of Emirates able to hold on the international linguistic communication. Right now there are many universities like Higher Colleges of Technology, American Universities of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates University that are supplying wellness scientific discipline, technology, information engineering and concern around the state. EIBFS was established for fiscal and banking surveies in 1983. ( Kitaura, 2010 )Research QuestionThe chief purpose of this surveies or research is to analyze the educational public presentation of UAE and improves quality acquisition, pupil registration in schools and finally betterment in economic growing of UAE.What are the most cost-efficient policies to better school registration?Efficiency and effectivity are the two perceptive to analyze effectivity and efficiency of school registration. Efficiency has two parts internal and external. If schools are accomplishing their ends without blowing their valuable resources so it is known as internal efficiency. External efficiency analyzes Educational returns. So fundamentally in the betterment of economic growing betterment of labour productiveness is of import. Other cost-efficient policy is effectiveness which is all depends on the ‘cognitive accomplishments ‘ of pupil and have analyze utilizing traditional trial based system. Cost-efficient policies will assist the instruction system by supplying the much better instruction installations with much lower cost.What is the political feasibleness of cost-efficient instruction policies?By utilizing cost effectual policies both effect and their cost taken into consideration in systematic manner.Political feasibleness is a judgement of the political environment around certain policy & A ; plays an of import function in the cost effectiveness instruction policies. Political feasibleness is related to be effectivity and efficiency so, to understand the political feasibleness 1st we need to place policy environment such as wellness policy or environment policy etc. ( SCHOELLMAN, 2011 )Literature ReviewEntree to SchoolingSchool registration is fundamentally depends on cost-efficient policies as mainstream economic attack provide good economic growing quality attack. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between schools, primary schools and high schools. In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females. In secondary school of UAE stayed less at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 % literacy and 96 % for females this record is submitted in ‘CIA World Factbook ‘ of UAE. ( BALCIUNAITIENE, 2010 ) Many schools in UAE have school coach for transit. Direct and indirect are two cost-associated with school. Fees, conveyance cost, books, uniforms are the portion of direct cost while reeducation in household income comprise of indirect cost. Family gifts and public services are the two things in which school registration depends. ( Anctil, 2012 )Educational resultMany states believing that there is no any relationship in between trial mark and school input. But in recent old ages this determination has been capable to greater rummage. In both developed & A ; developing states the strong impact of pupil trial plays an of import function in instruction result. Reeducation in category size, educated instructors, good teacher leads to an betterment in instruction outcome in conclusion most research finds a positive impact on educational accomplishments.The impact of inputs on labour productivenessThe schools which have good resources produce good alumnus pupil as comparison to the other schools so that there is relationship in between quality & A ; cost of school instruction. But in 1995 Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan finds that there is no any effectual difference between in labour productiveness of United Arab Emirates. But still no any proof appears associating the impact of inputs on labour productiveness. From one more research they analyze labour productiveness and cognitive accomplishments & A ; they find that gaining quality of more cognitive accomplishments pupils have better than other pupils.Methodological IssuesBy and large, researches suffer from many methodological jobs. Some of the major jobs are follows:Biasness due to skip of variables: It is non easy to include the variable like background of parents, kids innate ability, political degree variables and so many other variables as they create biasness in the computation of mensural consequence. The effects of biasness straight affect the trial tonss of study. Besides if excluded variables are correlated with included variables incompatibility and biasness will bring forth once more in computation. For illustration Children with rich parents attend school with much better inputs than the kids with un affluent parents. Besides economic conditions have important consequence kids instruction. Biasness during error measuring: In the measuring of explanatory variables normally biasness and incompatibility in the appraisal can be observed. In most of the researches sufficient sum of measurement mistakes can be seen particularly in the computation of cognitive accomplishments and old ages of schooling. Specification of the dependent variables: Trial tonss are normally y used in the trial signifier in most of the surveies. These are ever criticized because of cumulative character of cognition. Biasness may lift during rating of the pupils if this cumulative nature of cognition is ignored. Sample Choice: In a developed state like UAE about every kid attends school. Their dropout rates are besides really rare. Therefore to choose the sample for the analysis schools with different parts must be focused so that broad scope of sample can be collected. During the aggregation of informations different mistakes during roll uping informations must be taken earnestly. Must be Data can be gathered by direct observations, studies, interviews, questionnaire and many other methods. During aggregation of informations many mistakes can be come into the manner such as biasness, non-response mistake, mistakes in informations acquisition and so on.Proposed Research MethodologyBasic Idea beyond this research proposal is to utilize conventional methodological analysiss which are based on econometric theoretical accounts and to work out the jobs which are described above. Second of import thought to utilize this research proposal is to measure the bing policies of school and supply better cost effectual policies and methods to better the instruction degree in UAE. This research will bring forth an econometric theoretical account which will assist in find the factor which decides the school registration by sing both supply-side factors and family capablenesss. In computation of school efficiency econometric theoretical account can be used to develop a educational production map for the instruction system of UAE. For the account of trial tonss of the pupil assorted maps will be included in the merchandise map to analyse the household background, unconditioned abilities and sample choice in add-on with a value added attack will be used. To analyse the consequence of the plan on the consequence of trial mark explanatory variable must be incorporated with trial tonss. Political feasibleness of these policies will be step with the better cost-efficient qualitative and measures approach will be used. The basic thought beyond this procedure is to measure assorted place occupied by societal elements and interest holders who are the parts of the instruc tion procedure. Qualitative technique will concentrate on group interviews and life interviews.DatasEducation finding mapA study will be conducted to build this map in two different period of clip. Standardized trial will be conducted to measure the pupils besides household and school features are besides assessed in these trials. Motive behind these trials is to garner the informations to measure the instruction system.Schooling Production theoretical accountIn these theoretical accounts enrolment in the school will be analyzed with the aid of studies related to life criterions measurings. This information will be gathered with the information related to education organize the UAE authorities to integrate the supply side information.Scientific ContributionThis consequence hopes to give two of import parts to the instruction system of UAE. One advanced theoretical attack will be developed to wholly understand the instruction system in UAE. Besides, one conventional will be developed based on willingness to pay the fees for instruction and the maximization of public-service corporation standards. These attacks will be wholly based on the theoretical part of assorted researches. Theoretical parts will wholly stress on the public action and capablenesss of families in the providing of instruction. This research will besides assist in design adequate instruments which will be a great part to the methodological development. And betterment in methodological issues will be good in the better appraisal in the jobs of convention econometric theoretical accounts. Experimental rating methods will be used as mention for these findings. Overall this research will be a great part towards the determination of the most cost effectual methods and policies for the improvement of the instruction outcomes. End product of this research will assist the UAE Government to plan policies related to the instruction which will be more cost-effective and effectual.

Case Analysis of Rogers Chocolates Essay

There are multiple issues facing Rogers’ Chocolates. Rogers’ has a dated value proposition. In order to expand they need to compromise the history behind the brand. The service tactics and packaging is old fashioned. The need for a different look was further backed by a consultant hired by Rogers’. Their current traditions may be well received in Victoria but they aren’t working to fully expand markets. Rogers’ brand image was tarnished due to the import of raw materials from West Africa. West Africa was faced with issues of forced labor and child labor used in the production of cocoa beans. In Victoria, matters concerning the social and community environment were important to consumers. This poor brand image had forced some consumers to switch brands. Although one cannot make every consumer happy, it is best to keep an appealing imagine in the media. The company had issues keeping track of demand, supply and the production of chocolate on an annual basis. This created issues with inventory. Production was also slowed, due to the daily setup and equipment. Production was one shift daily and it was very labor intensive. Rogers’ also had issues with demand forecasting as it was difficult to track due to seasonality of sales. Rogers’ product had a shelf life of 6 months but smaller wholesalers were selling expired products, another area where the supply to wholesalers should be tracked. Another key issue with Rogers’ was the market they served. Since Rogers’ relied on serving a niche affluent segment of the market who sought luxury and supreme quality, they lost consumers. Their premium price point scared consumers and wholesale accounts away. The consumers of Rogers’ were also tourists who were steadily declining. Rogers’ Chocolates was also experiencing the decline in its foreign consumer base, as the ratio of tourists visiting Victoria had declined over the years. Recommendations Rogers’ Chocolates has to target the younger market and update the design of its packaging, for some of the items. They should use flashier tins and wrappers to gear to those consumers outside of Victoria. However, they should maintain what works for consumers in Victoria. They should take advantage of social media which is less costly as compared to other means of  advertising to lure in new consumers. This will boost sales and revenue. They need to increase brand awareness and reach out to a greater number of consumers through electronic or print advertisement. Television advertisement should also be used in a larger scope. They need to communicate to consumers about what they are doing to play their part in the community. Rogers’ should go public on what are they doing to promote themselves in the realm of social responsibility. Rogers’ should tie the community into charity events to create brand awareness. They need to improve consumers’ thoughts about their brand due to the issues in West Africa. They need to adopt effective public relations avenues as a means of promoting the positive image of the brand. Sam’s Deli needs a clearer vision, better management and more recruitment. They need to decide whether franchising would be a viable and profitable option. Rogers’ should also add a section of Rogers’ chocolates at Sam’s Deli so that the visitors to the restaurant may also purchase the assortment, which could secure new loyal consumers. They should provide free chocolate samples at Sam’s as a marketing ploy. Rogers’ production needs improvement. They need to establish effective tools to forecast changes in the consumer’s demand of chocolate in the local market, and match the production accordingly to avoid extra expenses and excessive waste. They should consider adding more shifts. This will put further stress on recruiting better workers, however it will make them more efficient. Rogers’ should adopt better opening, closing and cleaning procedures. They should look into the costs behind mechanical production vs hand made. This can potentially make them more efficient as well. All this should be done without compromising quality. They should consider offering a more price friendly product vs high price point to open the market up to those who aren’t affluent but still will pay for quality chocolates. In their retail stores they should continue creating a positive image of the brand in the mind of the visitors. They should also continue to create strong brand loyalty and continue to market themselves as a unique gift item which can be given to others. Porters Model Threat of New Entrants The growth rate in the chocolate industry is falling, which makes the threat of new entrants low. However, the traditional manufacturers are moving toward premium chocolate in an effort to maintain significant profit margins. This makes a moderate threat of entrants. They are doing this through market acquisitions or up marketing. There is also a greater profit margin in case of premium chocolate which makes it a more attractive tactic for the new entrants. Bargaining Power of Consumers Consumers have a moderate level of bargaining power. The loyal Rogers’ consumers dictate the packaging and store experience. Rogers’ has held onto this traditional view for their consumers. Consumers will pay the higher price because they value Rogers’ and will not switch brands. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The suppliers have moderate level of bargaining power. Consumers wanted healthier options but Rogers couldn’t gain any support from suppliers to be a part of its organic or fair trade plan of action. Threat of Substitute products and services The substitute products can be any other non-premium chocolate bar, chocolate products or candy. There are many different chocolate products available and most are an easy to find. There are about 20 options at close reach in the checkout line at the grocery store. Chocolate is readily available and this is a large threat. Most will take advantage of that availability. There are also other services available; there may be smaller private chocolatier companies that play a role in substitute products. Intensity of Rivalry among competitors in an industry The chocolate industry has a high level of competitive rivalry. There were many organizations manufacturing and selling high quality premium chocolate including Godiva, Bernard, Callebert, Lindt and Purdy’s. The competitors were making efforts to gain a larger market share through offering high quality products, but they had more affordable prices in comparison to Rogers’. SWOT Analysis Rogers’ Strengths †¢High pre-Christmas sales. †¢Premium ice cream. †¢Loyal consumers. †¢High quality, luxurious brand image. †¢Market penetration through various outlets retail, wholesale, online mail and phone orders. Sam’s Deli playing a significant role in the sales and profitability of the chocolate sold by the company. †¢The retail store run by the company was capable of creating a positive image of the brand. †¢Viral marketing more effectively. †¢Internet as a source of marketing, with high quality websites that were easy to use. Rogers’ Weaknesses †¢The company had issues in case of keeping a record of demand, supply and production of chocolate on an annual basis, which inevitably resulted in inventory issues. †¢Poor community outreach. †¢Inefficient daily processes. Opportunities Rogers’ has the option to penetrate more locations outside of Victoria with better media coverage and advertising. †¢The can produce more if they streamline their production process, which will avoid inventory shortages. †¢Rogers’ can look into acquisitions or up marketing also to better position themselves in the market. Threats †¢Godiva, Bernard, Callebert, Lindt and Purdy’s. †¢Competitors were making efforts to gain a larger market share through offering high quality products, but they had more affordable prices. †¢Substitute products †¢Multiple chocolate manufacturers not listed, ie Nestle, Hershey etc.

top 10 percent essays

top 10 percent essays Graduating top ten percent is a hard road filled with four years of all nighters, study sessions, and countless hours at the library. To graduate with this honor not only brings pride to ones parents but it also gives the student a special privilege. The top ten percent rule passed in 1997 (House Bill 588) by the 75th legislator automatically accepts these students to any public Texas University. While this may seem like a noble idea on the surface, in retrospect this gives an unfair advantage to the rest of the graduating class. Texas government believes that the top ten percent rule will encourage students to work harder in high school and increase the amount of minorities accepted into a public Texas University. Instead, it works against other hard working students who did not achieve top ten percent status but have other outstanding achievements. I believe that this rule excludes many deserving students and cause parents as well as public school systems to do irrational thi ngs to circumnavigate a well intentioned but poorly thought out bill. This rule should be abolished for the good of the future students. A great deal of hard working students who have made it their goal to attend the University of Texas at Austin are rejected solely on the basis that they are not in the top ten percent of their respected school. In the article Student Run Into to Ten Percent Law published in the Houston Chronicle, a promising 17-year-old student who wanted to follow in his fathers footsteps by attending the University of Texas was reject purely on the grounds that he was not in the top ten percent of his class. The rejection letter stated that his academic record did not meet the required competitive level(Nissimov, 1a) but his accomplishments such as maintaining a 3.94 grade point average and scoring a 1240 on his SAT (180 points above the national average) clearly states otherwise. His only draw ...

Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example

Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example Spanking Gone Wrong Paper Spanking Gone Wrong Paper wooden paddles, belts, sticks, pins, or others), painful body postures (such as placing in closed spaces), use of electric shock, use of excessive exercise drills, or prevention of urine or stool elimination (Par. 2). Its obvious that there is a variance between what people think is correct terminology when it comes to spanking. Its vital to step back when a situation is escalating to a point of no return in order to give the thinking part of your brain time to catch up with your emotions (Callaghan 142). Its easy to let patience run thin and get frustrated, but this leads to thoughts without actions and thats not okay. Also for some parents a spank isnt enough. Teaching them a lesson shouldnt be hitting a hill so hard it leaves bruises or marks. It may be disturbing but some parents go as far as holding a kid up by their shirt against a door, pulling them up by their hair, and even do exercises such as lifting heavy weights till their almost crushed. It doesnt stop at go to bed without dinner, wash your mouth out, taking away a toy, or locking a child in their room, it can go to the point of abuse. Some moms whove spanked their children agreenot necessarily that spanking was bad for their kids, but that it was bad for them and how they wanted to relate to their kids (Callaghan 132). Being left with regret, in fact, is going too far. Thoughts of l didnt mean it or l should of shouldnt cross your mind when disciplining a child. Its important to treat a child how you want to be treated and teach them lessons for the life ahead of them. When a child is left with a memory of l remember how I was disciplined it should be a lesson learned, not one of hurt. That means it went too far. Spanking also can leave long lasting effects on a child, whether its physical, emotional, or mental. Corporal punishment may succeed in temporarily controlling a childs behaviors. The trouble is the children may suffer from low self-esteem and depression, become overly aggressive, and exhibit antisocial behavior later as a result (Mitchell 25). Parents may think their child wont remember because they are little but thats not always the case. In teaching children to love and in truly loving them, we are called to demand more of ourselves and them (Clarke 23). Think about it, the early childhood years are when kids learn the most. Every parent wants their child to love and be loved. Children shouldnt be scared of making mistakes; they should strive and be exactly who they are. The fear of a spank and corporal punishment can scare a child into a shell they never come out of. Additionally, the spank does travel, and chances are kids will discipline their kids the way they were disciplined. A study by Childrens Voice Magazine says the more corporal punishment, the greater the chance the child is going to be higher than normal in physical aggressiveness, (Mitchell 25). This Just doesnt mean their attitude but further actions such as getting into trouble at school, theft, vandalism, and even delinquency. So whats going to keep them from not hitting their children later in life? Corporal punishment weakens the bond between child and parent it chips away at the bond, particularly if its repeated a number of times. This is a problem for parents who want to be close to their kids and who want their kids to be close to when someone is blessed with a child is that they have received them, they dont have them. No human was born with their children already handed to them at birth. It took time to understand life finding out whom to become, being raised. The way someone raised them was the key, a bond that no one could take away. It shouldnt tater they way someone was conceived, if they were an accident, or planned years in advance, whether they were born into poverty, or a rich lifestyle, to a single mom, a broken home, or even not with their original parents, all these scenarios are still a family. It all depends on how you look at it and its why being raised the right way is a big deal. Spanking takes away the moments of learning and dedication to a family bond. It goes too far sometimes leaving a scar on a relationship with someone that can never be repaired. Hitting a boss, spouse, or parent isnt okay so why hit a child? Devastatingly, sometimes spanking doesnt even stop in the household. The prevalence of corporal punishment of children in schools remains high in the United States and remains one of the few industrialized countries allowing corporal punishment in 30 states (Greensand par. 3). With that statistic, more than half of United States schools are still allowing children to be punished physically. Greensand says the top states for children being hit were Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama (par. 3). Its prevalent that the southern United States is allowing the smacks. According to the Office of Civil Rights (2007), school officials, including searchers, administered corporal punishment to 223,190 school children across the nation during the 2006-2007 school year (Greensand par. 3). Shouldnt it be up to the parents how they discipline? If a child lives in the south and goes to a school where corporal punishment is k and then goes home to a house where its okay as well, where does the hitting for making a mistake stop? Medical complications may prevent students from returning to school for days, weeks, or even longer. Reported medical findings include abrasions, severe muscle injury, extensive hemostat, whiplash damage, life-threatening fat hemorrhage, and others (including death! ) (Greensand par. 6). Children are supposed to go to school to learn, giving them injury for their action is not learning. Thats why spanking has to stop. Whether its at home or even worse to think, at school, its leaving long lasting life effects. Its like theirs no escape for a mistake Spanking has also been proven not to work any better than saying no to a child and theirs research to back it up. The recidivism rate for misbehaver by a 2-year-old is about 50% within two hours. Its 80% within the name day. And that applies to whether its Just saying no, removing the child, or spanking a child Mitchell said (25). Children are going to cry, pout, scream, etc. O matter what form of punishment you ensue and chances are they will be back doing it eventually. They might do it again the same day, week, or even month but learning their lesson doesnt always happen the first time. Spanking is like giving punishment without a reason why. If emotions get a chance to calm themselves, with time, parents can talk things out and a lesson has a chance of being learned better then in whapping screaming match. Mitchell a dded, It doesnt take a whole new parent to avoid corporal punishment. Parents are doing dozens and dozens of things besides spanking, even parents who are doing some spanking. If they Just left out the spanking, theyd be doing the alternatives, and their child would be better off (25). A ideas. It may sound cheesy but putting yourself in the childs shoes can be the best thing when it comes between whats right and wrong. Its always best to start from the beginning when having a child, but its never too late to start changing ways. Dry. Esther K. Chunk, a primary investigator, said the findings on the spanking studies suggest that physicians should want to consider addressing the issues of spanking and corporal punishment during routine infant visits, rather than waiting until the toddler years (Bates 25). Basically, what this means is doctors and physicians are questioning whether its right or wrong to question a parent on their discipline and when. If more parents knew the fact of what spanking and corporal punishment could bring so much could change. A lot of parents dont know another way out and thats what the problem boils down to. Theres always another option. Surprisingly, its also been on debate whether corporal punishment is legal or not. Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child Said the Committee of European Ministers (peg. 29 par. 2). What this is saying is that spanking may be the next big no-no soon enough. If spanking is violating someone, a child at that, saying no to a child is the best thing to do over a spank. Just saying the word no may take a while but a spanking wont always lead to a solution, it more like the easy way out. Overall, Just once sparing the hand can make a difference. Its important to take some time out to be the best parent possible and remember its never too late to change. Spanking can lead to going too far, long lasting effects, and doesnt work any better than a typical no. A study by U. S. Catholic seed Creating a home environment free from violence will help create a world free from violence (Mitchell 23).

Research Critical Appraisa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Critical Appraisa - Essay Example Additional to using traditional along with well-established procedures along with practices, health care practitioners are accepting pioneering interventions that are clear on best practices and solid research-based facts. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an example of such a technique and is swiftly gaining fame due to its likelihood to take successfully care for clinical issues as well as give better patient care. New far-reaching transformations impact nursing research in the healthcare research venture. Nascent fields are rising to understand how to boost efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and aptness of health care; how to advance health service delivery systems; as well as how to encourage performance development. The emerging fields comprise translational along with improvement science, health delivery systems science and implementation research ("Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas," n.d.). Research into the use of the evidence-based practice is among the fields that has remarkably affected the exemplar shift and is intertwined with the other fields. Research into EBP uptake is equal to examining Star Point 4 (incorporation of EBP into practice). Numerous distinguished federal grant agendas have developed to promote research that builds the evidential foundation for efficient strategies in using EBP. Among the innovative research, initiatives are the Patient-Centered Outcomes grants and the Clinical Translational Science Awards. The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas. (n.d.). Retrieved from

Vetoing of Jobs in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vetoing of Jobs in America - Essay Example Public polls have recently indicated that a majority of people support the project although there is still a great percentage of Americans opposing the entire project. Most of the supporters reason that the project will have numerous benefits to America. On the other hand, some Americans have aired their environmental and safety concerns about the project. According to the current economic state, it is evident that America needs more jobs. In addition, gas and fuel prices have been on the rise in the recent past. These are the factors that should convict the president to approve the southern and northern legs of the projects. The expedition of the TransCanada pipeline project has the potential of opening up job opportunities for the American people. It is clear that unemployment rates have been on the rise in the recent past. It is critical for the government to give attention to any project that I likely to improve the current situation. Statistics reveal that there are a great numb er of unemployed Americans despite their education level. An opportunity that is likely to create more than 250000 jobs is not something to disapprove. This is the reason why majority of American feel that the project should receive approval (Minicucc 1). The postponing of the approval of the consideration of the northern leg of the project until 2013 is disheartening to many Americans who were looking forward to the new jobs that the project will bring. The issues that led to the postponing of the crucial decision revolve around environmental and safety issues. Since America has other major pipelines, it is worthwhile to examine the risks posed by the existing pipelines. Understanding of such risks will enable the government to indulge into the project with more safety caution rather than let it go completely. According to the Energy Information Administration, the Trans Alaska pipeline is a classical example of a pipeline constructed with relevant safety measures put into place to minimize potential effects to both the environment and people. Reliable sources reveal that the spill rates of oil have decreased immensely in the recent past. These statistics imply that the TransCanada pipeline project is viable and should receive approval. According to the Oil Information Service, it is a time when fuel and gas prices are rising at an alarming rate, it is critical for the government to analyze the possible effect of the keystone pipeline to the gas prices. It is evident that the pipeline will be tapping more fuel into the country and them increasing supply is likely to bring the prices down. Although many people are afraid that different hubs along the pipeline will have the capacity to readjust prices and raise them, their fears are unwarranted because the effect will be minimal. America is suffering and approval of the project will be a great relief in the current hard economic times. The white house relented from approving the northern leg of the project beca use of the short notice on which it had to make the decision. According to white house reports, there was no adequate time to analyze and assess the risks of the project and address all the environmental concerns. However, Trans Canada already has in place environmental regulations that can be of potential use to assess whether the project is worth a trial (Trans Canada corporation 1). America has the appropriate guidelines that should enable it to weigh out the potential of the pipeline. Bearing in mind that pipeline transport poses the

Rhetorical Analysis of the Reformist Jane Adams Research Paper

Rhetorical Analysis of the Reformist Jane Adams - Research Paper Example In 1912, Addams was also among the lead supporters of Theodore Roosevelt on the Bull Moose (Progressive) party ticket; she also co-founded the Woman’s International League for Peace and Freedom which was a key facilitator of her winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. Cedarville Illinois was the birthplace of Jane, she had eight siblings and was the second-last born of the family; their father was a successful political leader (local), serving sixteen years in the Senate, fought as an officer in the Civil War and was a close friend of Abraham Lincoln; they used to call each other ‘My Dear Double’. Jane had an inherited spinal blemish that contributed to her physical instability throughout her life though it was often remedied by surgery. Jane graduated from the Rockford Female Seminary class of Seventeen in 1881, be given a bachelor’s degrees the following year after the school was accredited to Rockford College for Women; later on, she started studying medicine her health condition interfered as she was being hospitalized now and then. Jane traveled to Europe where she continued with her studies for slightly less than two years after which she spent two more years writing and reading as she laid her objectives for the future; while there Jane and her friend Ellen Starr took a visit to Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in London’s East End which assisted greatly influenced a similar idea she had of starting a similar place for the underprivileged in Chicago. Jane is known to have come up with a variety of quotes with the most common being ‘Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics’; others include; ‘Nothing could be worse than the fear that one had given up too soon and left one unexpended effort that might have saved the world’.

The Evolution use and design of research centers in the world - 2 Essay

The Evolution use and design of research centers in the world - 2 - Essay Example Research Centers, Evolution and Architecture 1. Introduction The ongoing trend of research centers in the contemporary world is attributed to the formal beginning of research center in the 9th century. The importance of research centers is identified in the 9th century from where its benefits are being acquired in a significant manner today (Tash 9-11). The initial research centers were limited to observatories, which have expanded to several other disciplines by the evolution of time. In the contemporary world, there are several research centers which precisely deal with distinct important disciplines including medical and health sciences, chemistry, physics, sociology, psychology, astronomy and many more (Tash 22-27). Since the beginning of this significant trend in the world, the discipline of architecture has played an intrinsic role in the design and structure of research centers’ buildings (Narvaez, Panksepp and Schore 13-15). The evolution of this trend was accompanied with the evolution of architecture in which specific research facilities were designed in the latest state of the art with its contemporary times (Colquhoun 7-11). Out of many research centers, which are designed in concordance with its domain of discipline, there are specific research centers, which precisely incorporate the issues related to children. The idea of children research center is associated with the evolution of child development (Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development 31-33). This concern has hatched the initialization of children research centers. As the evolution in the consideration of child development led to the persisting trend of children research centers, the discipline of architecture has also pertained to the influence of this evolution (O'Connor 3-5). There are several significant elements, which are being incorporated in the architectural design of children research centers in the contemporary times. These elements include arts, spacious interior design, modernistic exterior of building, numerous levels of buildings with utility of glass, and friendly decor to the architecture of building (Colquhoun 45-51). These are the elements which have been illuminated through the evolution in the children research centers’ architecture. 3.1 History/Evolution (International & National) of Development of your Project. If your project has multiple functions/mixed use you should trace the evolution of these functions/types/uses. Offering examples is necessary The Beginning of the Children Research Centre The very first recorded children’s research and learning center was the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children that was built in 1892 by Darling and Curry Architectural Firm. It was built in Toronto, Canada as a hospital to serve sick children. It became the first children’s hospital to open a school within its walls (Hamilton & David 65). This school was meant to facilitate the transfer of skills and k nowledge that nurses and doctors had learnt in the hospital to new staff. In addition, it was meant for doctors, professionals, and scientists to exchange information on various children illnesses. Starting off as a hospital, the building was later abandoned as it became less suited for multiple departments. The building, first made

The War on Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The War on Terror - Essay Example It has been argued that 9/11 terrorist attacks gave impetus to what we call the "War on Terror." To what extent this US-led campaign against global terrorism would reflect the "opportunity and willingness" of president Obama to invest more resources from his "menu" of choices available? The â€Å"War on Terror† is a blanket cause that allows the United States to intervene on any activities it considers to be terrorism. The war is fighting a faceless enemy, therefore it could be anyone. President Obama has chosen to withdrawal troops as well as focus on humanitarian aid. What started out as the liberation of Iraq from Sadaam Hussein has developed into the United States being a peace keeping force in the Middle East. This includes both military and humanitarian efforts. The United States has been increasing the amount of troops being sent to Afghanistan in order to drive the enemy out of populated sectors. The United States increased the troop count by 30,000 in 2010 alone (Keye s, 2011). This increased military presence costs a lot of money as well as American lives in order to fight this invisible enemy. Obama has also been trying to recreate democracy in Iraq. The goal of President Obama was to bring peace and end conflict in the Middle East between the factions of Islam as well as eliminate the terrorist threat. As a result this would create a foothold for economic and stability to the region even though fighting has persisted in that region for thousands of years

Principles of Financial Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Financial Investment - Essay Example The effects of these agency problems create agency costs that work against the benefit of all stakeholders as well as for the company. This write up identifies those agency problems, its agency costs, and enumerate the ways to mitigate the agency costs in order to provide maximization of wealth of stakeholders as well as for the benefit of management and the company itself. Definition of agency problem The nature of conduct of business in respect of proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperative societies is that those are owner- managed organizations. But in case of companies the share holders, who are the owners of the companies, are not involved in the management of the affairs of the company. The management of the company is conducted by board of directors. Directors may or may not be professionally trained but they have little or no stake in the ownership of the firm. It is true that there are certain compelling reasons for separation of ownership and management, but a separate structure leading to conduct of management through the agency of board of directors leads to conflict of interest between managers (agents) and the shareholders, who are owners of the company. Therefore the agency problems emerge from this separation of ownership and control. ... â€Å"This pattern of widely held corporate ownership resulted in what came to be known as separation of ownership from control. More recently, the economists have called this as an agency problem or principal- agent problem. The managers of the company are entrusted with the responsibility to make company as profitable and valuable as possible for the benefit of owners. However, the owners (principles) may have difficulty in ensuring that the managers (agents) actually carry out this responsibility.† (Robert Edward Anderson, page 49)i Ownership is concerned with maximization of wealth of shareholders. Therefore owners are always ready to critically assess the actions of the management (agents) so that their slackness anywhere is pointed out so deficiencies are rectified in effort to enhance the wealth. Accordingly enhancement of wealth is possible by making an assessment or sort of observance of the actions of the management. The key factors that are judged in management†™s performance are the composition and independence of board members, transparency of their actions, their outside reporting, observance of accounting standards, and adherence of strategic objective of enhancement of shareholders wealth. This monitoring or observance lead to difference of opinion with reference to strategic objectives of the corporation and give rise to agency problems in the corporate sector of management. Basically agency problems have two aspects. First aspect is the situation where it is not possible for the principal to verify the appropriateness of the actions of the agent. This generally is the case when goals or objective differ and create difficulties to verify what agent is doing. The second aspect of the agency problem is

The Evolution use and design of research centers in the world - 2 Essay

The Evolution use and design of research centers in the world - 2 - Essay Example Research Centers, Evolution and Architecture 1. Introduction The ongoing trend of research centers in the contemporary world is attributed to the formal beginning of research center in the 9th century. The importance of research centers is identified in the 9th century from where its benefits are being acquired in a significant manner today (Tash 9-11). The initial research centers were limited to observatories, which have expanded to several other disciplines by the evolution of time. In the contemporary world, there are several research centers which precisely deal with distinct important disciplines including medical and health sciences, chemistry, physics, sociology, psychology, astronomy and many more (Tash 22-27). Since the beginning of this significant trend in the world, the discipline of architecture has played an intrinsic role in the design and structure of research centers’ buildings (Narvaez, Panksepp and Schore 13-15). The evolution of this trend was accompanied with the evolution of architecture in which specific research facilities were designed in the latest state of the art with its contemporary times (Colquhoun 7-11). Out of many research centers, which are designed in concordance with its domain of discipline, there are specific research centers, which precisely incorporate the issues related to children. The idea of children research center is associated with the evolution of child development (Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development 31-33). This concern has hatched the initialization of children research centers. As the evolution in the consideration of child development led to the persisting trend of children research centers, the discipline of architecture has also pertained to the influence of this evolution (O'Connor 3-5). There are several significant elements, which are being incorporated in the architectural design of children research centers in the contemporary times. These elements include arts, spacious interior design, modernistic exterior of building, numerous levels of buildings with utility of glass, and friendly decor to the architecture of building (Colquhoun 45-51). These are the elements which have been illuminated through the evolution in the children research centers’ architecture. 3.1 History/Evolution (International & National) of Development of your Project. If your project has multiple functions/mixed use you should trace the evolution of these functions/types/uses. Offering examples is necessary The Beginning of the Children Research Centre The very first recorded children’s research and learning center was the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children that was built in 1892 by Darling and Curry Architectural Firm. It was built in Toronto, Canada as a hospital to serve sick children. It became the first children’s hospital to open a school within its walls (Hamilton & David 65). This school was meant to facilitate the transfer of skills and k nowledge that nurses and doctors had learnt in the hospital to new staff. In addition, it was meant for doctors, professionals, and scientists to exchange information on various children illnesses. Starting off as a hospital, the building was later abandoned as it became less suited for multiple departments. The building, first made

Principles of Financial Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Financial Investment - Essay Example The effects of these agency problems create agency costs that work against the benefit of all stakeholders as well as for the company. This write up identifies those agency problems, its agency costs, and enumerate the ways to mitigate the agency costs in order to provide maximization of wealth of stakeholders as well as for the benefit of management and the company itself. Definition of agency problem The nature of conduct of business in respect of proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperative societies is that those are owner- managed organizations. But in case of companies the share holders, who are the owners of the companies, are not involved in the management of the affairs of the company. The management of the company is conducted by board of directors. Directors may or may not be professionally trained but they have little or no stake in the ownership of the firm. It is true that there are certain compelling reasons for separation of ownership and management, but a separate structure leading to conduct of management through the agency of board of directors leads to conflict of interest between managers (agents) and the shareholders, who are owners of the company. Therefore the agency problems emerge from this separation of ownership and control. ... â€Å"This pattern of widely held corporate ownership resulted in what came to be known as separation of ownership from control. More recently, the economists have called this as an agency problem or principal- agent problem. The managers of the company are entrusted with the responsibility to make company as profitable and valuable as possible for the benefit of owners. However, the owners (principles) may have difficulty in ensuring that the managers (agents) actually carry out this responsibility.† (Robert Edward Anderson, page 49)i Ownership is concerned with maximization of wealth of shareholders. Therefore owners are always ready to critically assess the actions of the management (agents) so that their slackness anywhere is pointed out so deficiencies are rectified in effort to enhance the wealth. Accordingly enhancement of wealth is possible by making an assessment or sort of observance of the actions of the management. The key factors that are judged in management†™s performance are the composition and independence of board members, transparency of their actions, their outside reporting, observance of accounting standards, and adherence of strategic objective of enhancement of shareholders wealth. This monitoring or observance lead to difference of opinion with reference to strategic objectives of the corporation and give rise to agency problems in the corporate sector of management. Basically agency problems have two aspects. First aspect is the situation where it is not possible for the principal to verify the appropriateness of the actions of the agent. This generally is the case when goals or objective differ and create difficulties to verify what agent is doing. The second aspect of the agency problem is

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Example for Free

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Scottish Tourism bloomed in the 1990s due to major cultural changes in society. Scotland began to create a new identity through the use of media that promoted the social and cultural attributes of the country. Scotland’s home-grown artists were used as a voice at the forefront of the promotion of Scotland’s culture and heritage to world tourism. My essay will consider a range of issues surrounding the relationship between Scottish tourism and the development of Scottish music during the 1990s. It will consider the artists and songs that played a key role in the development of Scotland’s national identity through outlining particular advertising campaigns used to promote for Scottish tourism. My essay will also discuss the future plans for Scottish Tourism and how music will be part of them. Scottish Music and Scottish Tourism Tourism contributes an enormous part of the economy in Scotland – boasting a visitor spend of approximately  £4b per year. As a tourist destination, Scotland boasts idyllic opportunities for its visitors such as the hillwalking the Munro Mountains, fishing the River Tay, immersing in the history of Edinburgh or Stirling and admiring the cultural diversities of Glasgow. These opportunities are realised and exploited by Government body: Creative Scotland, which was set up in 1993 and is dedicated to supporting the promotion of culture in Scotland on both national and international levels. Creative Scotland support the current Scottish Governments Corporate Plan, which promises: ‘To focus Government and public services on creating a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable economic growth.’ Scotland has developed an exceedingly strong worldwide reputation for its diverse culture and is continuing to do so by championing music and the arts through large scale events and festivals such as Celtic Connections, a relatively new festival of traditional Scottish music which is exclusively held across a number of high-profile venues in Glasgow including the flagship Glasgow Royal Concert Hall which was opened as part of the cultural renaissance of Glasgow in 1990 with Glasgow becoming a European City of Culture in 1990. The formation of this festival alone has increased global interest from its multiple televised broadcasts on BBC and HD and a promotional tour to Chicago in 2012 during the Ryder Cup at the nearby Merdinah Country Club. Another notable festival is T in the Park which is sponsored by Scottish Brewery; Tennents. Established in Glasgow in 1993, the festival will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2013 and showcases international artists with a focus on new and established Scottish acts such as Scottish Band; Travis, who gained international recognition through performing at the festival from 1994 as an unsigned band and subsequently becoming a headlining act of the festival in 2000. The festival moved to Perthshire in 1997 and politicians in the area were united to promote ‘A Soundtrack for Scotland’s Tourism’, linking traditional music and tourism and diversifying the tourist industry. The festival attracts 85,000 people from all over Britain and in some cases worldwide, to Fife, Scotland, the festival has become: ‘One of the most important and critically acclaimed music events on the international festival circuit.’ The festival has been televised on BBC and footage of the festival includes shots of the backdrop landscape of Kinross and Fife regions. Promoting Scottish Nationalism and Tourism with Music in Sports Branding Branded produce from Scotland provided the tourism sector with an indirect source of advertising the heritage and culture of Scotland during the 1990s. Many advertising campaigns were televised; in particular for the alcohol industry, which used iconic songs synced with images of rural and urban Scottish landscapes which helped create an escapist image of Scotland. An example of this would be Tennents’ Lager, who used Dougie Maclean’s song Caledonia against the imagery of a grimy busy city with arrogant people compared to the contrasting escapist, social, warm and friendly atmosphere of a public house in Edinburgh The sense of nationalism and pride in the cultural diversity in Scotland went from strength to strength in the early 1990s. Scotland celebrated a period of excellence in sport on a global scale which also helped boost the number of visitors to the country. Although Scotland’s national football team failed to advance through the group stages of all the World Cup tournaments in the 1990s including Italy, USA and France respectively, Scotland’s national Rugby team celebrated international success, beating England 13-7 in the 1990 Five Nations Grand Slam. This event penned The Corries lament: ‘Flower of Scotland’ as the unofficial national anthem of Scotland, boosting the national pride and identity and has been used ever since at most sporting events. The song was written to: ‘Kindle a new awareness of what is being lost and what can be regained. Scotland’s resistance, not its defeat is stressed here.’ Another notable use of Scottish music for advertising Scottish Tourism is the 1997 television campaign which used The Silencers version of Wild Mountain Thyme, which is a traditional piece of music popularised by the particular advert which featured iconic scenes of Scotland’s rural landscapes, castles and activities such as travel, surfing and walking. The advert quoted Scottish Poet Norman MacCaig who wrote about Scotland: ‘Only mens minds could have unmapped into abstraction such a territory.’ Another song of note which relates to a worldwide audience and captures the picturesque imagery of Scottish landscapes would be Runrig’s version of the traditional Scots Lament; ‘Loch Lomond’, which was voted as Scotland’s best song by a reader poll in Scottish publication The List in 2008, beating Dignity by Deacon Blue, Caledonia by Dougie MacLean and 500 Miles by the Proclaimers, all of whom are regarded as Scottish Nationalist artists with Pete Wishart, Keyboardist of Runrig being elected as an SNP MP at Westminster in 2001. Conclusion The Future of Scottish Nationalism and Tourism Scotland’s culture and heritage will continue to grow in the tourism spotlight through the commitment of Creative Scotland and its relationship with VisitScotland which is evident from its goals: ‘Creative Scotland’s ambition is to see Scotland as one of the world’s most creative nations by 2020.’ An example of this commitment is apparent as 2012 is the ‘Year of Creative Scotland’ which continues the celebrations of Scottish culture and promotes it to the world through festivals such as the Sound Festival which will be held over October and November and aims to bring visitors to the North East areas of Scotland to enjoy alternative music of Scotland. The internet has increasingly become a major role in the promotion of Scotland’s live music events with internet website; www.visitscotland.co.uk, acting as the information and marketing gateway for prospective visitors to find information, link to external websites such as event homepages and furthermore, purchase event tickets directly with great ease. Glasgow will again become City Of Culture in 2014 and will host the Commonwealth Games and the Ryder Cup, which will be an ideal opportunity for sports and Scottish music to join forces once again.

Implementation of a Marketing Plan

Implementation of a Marketing Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The present financial crisis has negatively affected not only the US market but also International markets with economies experiencing negative global growth in Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and decreases in global consumption levels. Now more than ever, companies (in Trinidad and Tobago) are faced with reformulating their business strategies in order to boost sales volumes by attracting customers through promoting traditional products but providing additional services not previously offered. Companies have to revisit their marketing strategies and implement new marketing plans that will not only create competitive advantage but also experience sustainable competitive advantage. As such the aim of this research is to identify and develop a marketing plan to strengthen Dhookups competitive advantage in Trinidad and Tobagos industry to viably survive in these current situations. Background Origin The company, now known as Dhookup, was originally formed by Mr. Kedelle Greaves in April 2008 to satisfy the growing needs of the working population by providing quality electronic products at a low costs compared to the Trinidad and Tobagos current market where such goods and services were seen as being very costly by customers. Currently, the company is operating at an adhoc basis with no formal marketing structure and Business plan. The Electronic products presently offered by the company are Laptops and Accessories, Desktop Computers, Cellular Phones, Digital Storages Devices, Games and Accessories, Electronic Accessories and Digital Cameras. In May 2009, the founder realise the need to restructure the operations and strategic planning of the company due to the present economic and financial global crisis in order to be remain competitive and viable in Trinidad market. A decision was made to reform the business from a sole proprietor to a partnership by inviting two investors to contribute equal amounts of capital, along with the founder, into the business which will be used to fund any additional investments and strategic future market plans. Snapshot of the Business The company was managed solely by the founder and now is managed equally by all investors with no other employees mainly because the present workflow was not demanding and did not require additional personnel. At present the company operates using a just in time system where, only when a customer wants an item, then the item is sourced and delivered. The customer makes a down payment (usually 50%), and then the order is placed for the item which approximately takes 2-3 weeks to be delivered. At the end of this period the customer collects the item by paying off the balance of the item. Mission Statement Dhookup will continue to be one of the premier electronic product and service provider within Trinidad and Tobago with an emphasis on Customer Relationship Management and timely satisfaction of consumer needs. Strategy Statement The Hook up will pursue a strategy of growth aimed at position the company as one the leading best costs electronic products and service providers in Trinidad and Tobago. SWOT analysis of the company Product and Services The company offers high quality products at an affordable price which is very competitive to the other similar suppliers in the market. Apart from providing competitive prices, consumers are well informed about the technical features and benefits of their desired purchases before any business is conducting by providing detailed information of the products specification, its capabilities and also similar products in the market. The company ensures that the customer is purchasing the correct product to suffice their desired needs and wants. Also, the company provides excellent after sales service customer support that is very unique to Trinidad and Tobagos industry. Customers have a luxury of after sales assistance, at no extra costs, in terms of trouble shooting of products and minor repairs. Any major repairs of electrical items are directed to an external partner who will automatically grant discounts on any services rendered. DHookups Product Mix is as follows: Laptops and Accessories Desktop Computer Cell Phones Digital Storages Devices Games and Accessories Electronic Accessories Digital Cameras Product Line RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Problem Statement The industry In the era of increasing technology advancements, the industry has seen a decrease in barriers to accessing products and services in regional and international markets by individuals and corporations. The public can now access these markets through various tools such as obtaining skyboxes and liaising with various import and export companies. The issues arising from this is that both individuals and companies are faced with the uncertainty of additional costs and risk incurred for importer these items to the local market. More and more companies either shift both the costs and risks involved in such transactions to consumer causing a strike in prices of these goods and services as compared to the international markets and/or an overall decrease in the level of customer service. Costs such as customs duties are not easily predicted due to the fact that as at present there is no formal costing structure on imported goods and services, thus values are determine by the customs department at the point of entry (please see appendix II for excerpt receipt statement). Customers engaging in acquiring skyboxes may be wary due to the uncertainty of the duties imposed on the items and also the risks involved in purchasing items on the internet. This acts as a deterrent to customers leaving them to rely on the local market, where there is limited variety. The Company Dhookup currently advertises based on referrals and recommendation by existing clients and there are no formal marketing strategies in terms of communicating the services provided by the company to the public. A lack of both strategic business and marketing plan has seen the company experience a lot of difficulties that hinders the growth of the business in the industry for both the short and long term. A lack of marketing strategies has contributed to low and inconsistent sales level. Due to the fact that business in generated solely on the referrals, the company does not presently have a huge clientele base and relies on existing customers for repeat purchases. This strategy has proven to be unreliable and needs to be addressed immediately to improve profit levels Brand awareness is one of the key issues and areas that need to be resolved and improved. Customers are unaware of the range of products and services offered by the company and there are no branding strategies initialise in the beginning in the incorporation of the company. Also, a more focussed should be placed on analysing the current and prospective product distribution channels available to the company. The company does not focus in any particular market in terms of advertising and distribution but instead provides products and services where necessary. By not focusing on any one particular target market the company cannot identify what their customers needs are and also what their purchasing patterns are like. Knowing your customer base is one the key areas that should be focused on when looking at what distribution channel is most effective. Objectives The main objectives of this marketing plan are to: Define the Target Market Identify the customer base Improve Brand Awareness. Identify the main competitors Outline a strategy for attracting and keeping customers Outline a financial plan to maintain consistent profit levels and growth As such the purpose of this practicum, in order to accomplish the set companys objectives, is to: Outline the importance and roles of Customer Relationship Management in sustaining competitive advantage Identify the Roles of Branding Identify the Importance and roles of Advertising LITERATURE REVIEW CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT What is CRM Customer Relationship Management or CRM, according the Ellen Gifford, is focused on the relationship between the firm and its customers. Successful firms build customer relationships by: Satisfying goals between firms and customers, Both Consumers and the organisations has a set of conditions. Establishing and maintaining a positive customer connection Producing positive outcomes for the organisation and the customers. Jill Dyche states â€Å"CRM is defined as the infrastructure that enables the delineation of, and increase in customer value and the correct means by which to motivate valuable customers to remain loyal and indeed buy again.† In todays current marketplace, companies have to focus on the needs and wants of the customer which entails providing excellent customer service to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. Excellent Customer services focuses on providing 24 hour service to customers before, during and after a service has been delivered. According to Turban and Efrain, (2002), â€Å"Customer Service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer satisfaction.† Customer relationship Management has evolved from a simple market concept representing a refocus of marketing with a greater emphasis on the creation of customer value. The main emphasis has shifted from satisfying customers needs to building long term relationship through value creation process (Evans Laskin, 1994). Improvements in Information Technology in the marketplace has empowered customers with greater and broader knowledge and facilitated the constant exchange of information between buyers and sellers. Firms are now focused on moving closer to customers, understanding their needs and allowing customers to actively shape their own expectation by co-creating value obtaining a strategic customer focus. Buttle (2002), states that CRM is â€Å"the development and maintenance of mutually beneficial long term relationships with strategically significant customers.† It is â€Å"an IT enhanced value process which identifies develops, integrates and focuses the various competencies of the firm to the voice of the customer in order to deliver long term superior customer value, at a profit to well identified existing and potential customer,† (Plakoyiannaki and Tzokas, 2001). Determinants of CRM In order to achieve these synergies between the customer and suppliers (firms) we must highlight what the underlying determinants of CRM are Trust and Value: Trust is defined as the willingness to rely on the ability, integrity and motivation of one company to serve the need of the other company as agreed upon implicitly and explicitly Value is defined as the ability of a selling organisation to satisfy the needs of the customers at a comparatively lower cost or higher benefit than that offered by competitors and measured in monetary, temporal, functional and psychological terms In addition to providing high quality levels of both trust and value, companies must also: Understand Customer needs and problems: This is an ongoing process and should take place before, during and after the sale is completed. Meet their commitments Must be honest: The company should also make sure the customer is always told the truth about the information provided for goods and services provided Have a long term perspective. Focus should be placed on establishing and retaining a long term relationship with the customer Developing customer relationship Successful management of the development process between the firm and the customer would lead to superior long-term performance of the organisation through improved customer retention. Ford et al suggested a relationship development model that consists of five stages: The pre-relationship stage: this is the event that triggers a buyer/supplier (customer/firm) to seek a new business partner The early stage: This is where experience is accumulated between buyer and supplier although a great degree of uncertainty and distance exists The development stage: This is where increased level of transactions lead to a higher degree of commitment and the distance is reduced to a social exchange. The long term stage: This is characterised by th e companies mutual importance to each other. The final Stage: This is where the interaction between the parties becomes institutionalised. According to the model in the early stages both parties are distant from one another but as time goes by the relationship is characterised by increased commitment and cooperation whereas in the later stages interaction decreases as the relationship is institutionalised. As with the life cycle model, the time span of each stage varies and it is difficult to predict how long both parties will remain in that stage before moving on or decide to not move at all and relinquish the relationship. As seen in the both models when the relationship enters the decline phase, both cooperation and the level of commitment and cooperation drops significantly. Firms are now faced with the task of attracting and retaining new and existing customers by ensuring that they maintain their positive relationship with customers through effective customer relationship management. Functions of CRM The functions of customer relationship management can be direct and indirect. Direct functions of CRM refer to profit, volume and safeguard as opposed to indirect functions which includes innovation, market, scout and success. In terms of CRM, direct functions are the basic requirements of the company that are necessary to survive in the competitive marketplace and the indirect functions are actions necessary to convince the customer to engage or participate in various marketing activities (Earl D. Honeycutt et al 2003) Profitability This distinguishes between the profitable customer who provides the firm with a positive cash flow and a high volume customer who helps the firm achieve economies of scale Volume this secures the necessary breakeven position of the firm and enables the firm to operate on a profit making basis Safeguard This improves the costs efficiency of a supplier and provides stability and control in sales in a dynamic marketplace. Innovation This allows products and processes to be developed together in order to improve the value of the offering to the customer. Market This wins customer support through referrals/recommendations when entering new markets and establishing new commercial and personal relationships Scout This results in market information gathered by customers and communicated to the supplier earlier than would have be known Access This refers to the help received from customers experience and networking when the firm interacts with authorities and trade associations. (Earl D. Honeycutt et al 2003) Though the functions of Customer Relationship Management is clearly outlined above, firms have different prospective on CRM on the whole. Some firms focus on CRM because they are driven by gaining competitive advantage as opposed to others who are view CRM as an opportunity to improve the relationship with another company to minimise the effects of market volatility. No matter what the firms objectives and goals are in utilising CRM tools, the models they choose must support these objectives by improving the overall relationship between the firm and the customer. This is accomplished by adding value to the customers experience. Evan and Laskin 1994 introduced a model of relationship selling that evidently differentiates between three underlying and fundamental components: Relationship inputs, relationship outcomes and assessment. According to the model, effective relationship management is understanding customer expectation, building service partnership with customers, empowering employees to fulfil customer needs and providing the best quality to customers to satisfy their respective needs (introduction of Total Quality Management (TQM). If implemented in the most effective manner these inputs would lead to positive outcomes such as improved customer satisfaction, loyalty, and increased customer perception of the firms product and services, which in turn would affect the firms profit. Of course the opposite applies if these inputs are not successfully implemented. The assessment state integrates two components, customer feedback and integration. Firms should engage in customer feedback mechanism to ensure at all times customer needs are being addressed and met. The firm should ensure that the relationship marketing processes is integrated into the strategic planning framework in order to align it to the firm s overall goals and objectives. Smith and Barclay 2003 identified a standard model for building effective customer relationship based on some key factors; Interdependence, Cooperation and mutual trust. The model highlights that both the customer and supplier perceive interdependence as the channel to cooperate and also the motivation to exchange a level of trust and commitment. Mutual Trust and Cooperation contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the relationship creating relationship dynamics. As the relationship grows and develops into a partnerships (maturity stage) both parties shares similar and agreed objectives and visions maximising the effectiveness of the relationship. Apart from the models highlighted above aimed to improving the relationships between both parties through CRM, Parasuraman et al (1996) also introduced the â€Å"GAP† model of service quality by identifying five major gaps that face organisation to meet customers expectation of the customers experience. BRANDING ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION METHODOLOGY Market Research is an objective, systematic collection and analysis of data representing a particular target market, environment and competition incorporating some form of data collection, either primary or secondary. The following key areas would be focused on in this section: Research design Target population and Sample Data Collection Technique Validity and reliability of the research Research Design The research design of the practicum depends on the extent to which the theory highlighted is derived. There are two types of research design; Deductive approach: Where you develop a theory and hypothesis (or hypotheses) and design a research strategy to test the hypothesis or Inductive approach: Where you collect data and develop the theory as a result of your data analysis (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007), For the purpose of this research a deductive approach will be used. According to Robson (2002) there are five sequential stages through which deductive research will progress: Deducing a hypothesis from the theory (a testable proposition about the relationship between two or more concepts or variables). Testing the hypothesis in operational terms (i.e. indicating how the concepts or variables are to be measured). Relationships between two or more specific concepts or variables are proposed. Testing the operational hypothesis. Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry (confirming the theory or indication modification is needed) If necessary, modify the theory. Though the deductive approach is usually affiliated with the quantitative research design, this practicum would utilise a mixed approach design, focusing on both quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering data through discussions, observations and questionnaires. The research design will be a descriptive study in order to portray an accurate profile of events and situations and to gain deeper insights into the main topic highlighted. The descriptive study, also known as the statistical approach, describes data and characteristics of the population being sampled by answering the questions who, what, where, when and how. The research was also designed in such a way to determine the spending habits of the targeted population with respect to age, gender and social disposition by gathering primary data. It also tested the participants knowledge of the industry and the perceived factors affecting Demand and Supply for the electronics products locals and internationally. Research Techniques As stated previously, the information gathered from the research was primary data, using research techniques such as Surveys and Observations of consumers and similar suppliers in the domestic market. The Survey was conducted through Eighty five (85) Questionnaires distributed and returned from a random sample of a targeted population. The questionnaire allowed the researcher the opportunity to answer who, what, where and how through various questions posed to the participants therefore using the desired descriptive research design. The survey would also allow the researcher to collect quantitative data to be analysed quantitatively and also collecting the data to suggest possible relationships between two or more variables which can be explored through existing models. The questionnaire tested the participants on various areas such as: The knowledge of customers in the market The online shopping awareness of customer The factors that affect the demand for products and services in the said market. Customer satisfaction Etc. Both techniques were also considered to be highly economical due to the constraints of the project both in time and financing as it can be quickly administered at low cost to the researcher. Sample and Population A random sample was taken from a population consisting of both UWI and Authur Lok Jack Students. Each participant was randomly selected and approached face to face by the researcher at different locations of the respected campuses. At the University of West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, random samples were taken from students entering the food court at lunch time to capture the heavy influx of students and also at the pickup area in the afternoon. At Arthur Lok Jack Graduate school of Business candidates were approached at the front desk during the evening sessions to capture the majority of students from different disciplines. Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of business and the University of the West Indies students were chosen as the population mainly because they were seen as the ideal target market based on past and current purchases and demand trends. Credibility and Validity of the research Participants had a clear understanding of the purpose of the questions posed in the questionnaire and its objectives. Each questionnaire was distributed by the researcher in order to prepare for in any unforeseen problems arising from misinterpretation of the questions and as well explanations of the various terminologies used. It was felt that the researcher would be best person to answer any of these questions at any moment notice. Also, the questions were structured in order to facilitate the ease of completion of the form by ensuring that all questions were concise and straight to the point.