Cell Morphology and Motility Essays -- Biology

Tumor cells try to spread throughout the body. In order to do so, these cells need Rho and ROCK or Rac to signal their movement. There are at least two types of morphology (shapes/forms) that need these signals for cell movement. One type is the elongated morphology, which needs to use Rac for signalling, and pericellular proteolysis (an enzyme) for movement. The other type is the rounded (amoeboid) morphology, which uses RhoA and ROCK signalling. Initially, tumor cells were known to take the elongated form. It is now known that the rounded shape also exists and possibly other morphologies as well. This research is focused on tumor cells that have rounded morphology, elongated morphology, and those that can utilize both forms. There has been research in attempts to inhibit, or block, these signals in order to stop tumor cells from spreading. However, this may cause a problem for other cells that may need to move to certain places of the body to function. Researchers have experimented with the use of inhibitors, such as Y27632, C3, and a combination of Y27632 and C3, on different types of tumor cells to see what percentage of cells still invaded to a certain distance. This information is compared to the percentage of untreated cells that invaded the same set distance. The effectiveness of these inhibitors are then related to the type of morphology (elongated or rounded or both) to see if certain types of inhibitors work better in a type of morphology. More research has been conducted to find the percentage of different tumor cells that have invaded three different depths. This is also used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the varying types of morphologies. The basic procedure for this type of experiment is d... ...affected by these inhibitors known at this point? Is it possible that there are other morphology changes and signals involved in cell movement? The hopes for developments in the fight against cancer are high, especially in the hearts of innumerable patients, families, and friends. Each small step in the right direction is a step toward a cure, and it's progress such as these discoveries that will someday help save and improve the lives of countless individuals. We would like to thank the people who sit behind a microscope ten hours a day. They are committed to watching blobs move around on a plate in the hope that these blobs can shed light on the diseases that hurt, cripple and kill our fellow human beings. The future is brighter because of the problems being tackled, and the prospects of tomorrow give reason for the contributions and investments of today. Cell Morphology and Motility Essays -- Biology Tumor cells try to spread throughout the body. In order to do so, these cells need Rho and ROCK or Rac to signal their movement. There are at least two types of morphology (shapes/forms) that need these signals for cell movement. One type is the elongated morphology, which needs to use Rac for signalling, and pericellular proteolysis (an enzyme) for movement. The other type is the rounded (amoeboid) morphology, which uses RhoA and ROCK signalling. Initially, tumor cells were known to take the elongated form. It is now known that the rounded shape also exists and possibly other morphologies as well. This research is focused on tumor cells that have rounded morphology, elongated morphology, and those that can utilize both forms. There has been research in attempts to inhibit, or block, these signals in order to stop tumor cells from spreading. However, this may cause a problem for other cells that may need to move to certain places of the body to function. Researchers have experimented with the use of inhibitors, such as Y27632, C3, and a combination of Y27632 and C3, on different types of tumor cells to see what percentage of cells still invaded to a certain distance. This information is compared to the percentage of untreated cells that invaded the same set distance. The effectiveness of these inhibitors are then related to the type of morphology (elongated or rounded or both) to see if certain types of inhibitors work better in a type of morphology. More research has been conducted to find the percentage of different tumor cells that have invaded three different depths. This is also used to analyze the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the varying types of morphologies. The basic procedure for this type of experiment is d... ...affected by these inhibitors known at this point? Is it possible that there are other morphology changes and signals involved in cell movement? The hopes for developments in the fight against cancer are high, especially in the hearts of innumerable patients, families, and friends. Each small step in the right direction is a step toward a cure, and it's progress such as these discoveries that will someday help save and improve the lives of countless individuals. We would like to thank the people who sit behind a microscope ten hours a day. They are committed to watching blobs move around on a plate in the hope that these blobs can shed light on the diseases that hurt, cripple and kill our fellow human beings. The future is brighter because of the problems being tackled, and the prospects of tomorrow give reason for the contributions and investments of today.

Health Science

Ministry of Higher Education Oman Medical College Health Science Program By: Marwa Rashid Al-Flaiti Objectives: To fined the rate of fermentation of the apple and carrot juices, and compare their rates to each other. Introduction: Procedure: A 5. 00 ml of apple juice was taken in a clean 150 ml conical flask and diluted with 50 ml of distal water. Then, 2. 00 grams of Baker's yeast and 5. 00 ml of solution of Pasteur's salts were added to the above conical flask.The content of flask was shacked well and maintained the temperature of the reaction mixture between 35-40 ? c by using hot water path. After that, 10 drops of the reaction mixture from the flask were taken after 10 minutes and added to a test tube which contained 1. 00 ml of Benedict's reagent. The test tube was placed in hot water for about 2. 00 minutes and changes in color were noticed. The last step was repeated every 10. 00 minutes for 6 times.The same procedure was used for carrot solution and rate of fermentation for both solutions were found. Observation: * Volume of fruit juice taken = 5. 00 ml * Volume of dist. Water added = 50. 0 ml * Weight of Baker's yeast added = 2. 00 gm * Volume of solution of Pasteur's salts = 5. 00 ml Time (Min)| Color of reaction mixture on reaction with Benedict's solution in case of 😠 | Apple| Carrot| 10| Blue| Dark Blue| 20| Green| Green| 30| Green| Green| 40| Green| Green| 50| Green| Green| 60| Green| Dark Blue|

Who Moved My Cheese Book Report Essay examples - 628 Words

The book â€Å"Who Moved My Cheese?† is a simple story about mice and â€Å"little people† that helps readers handle and deal with changes in their lives. The story is about two mice and two human-like individuals named â€Å"little people† (who are the size of the mice). The two mice’s names are Scurry and Sniff. The two little people’s names are Hem and Haw. The story takes place in a â€Å"maze† and the characters look for â€Å"cheese† to nourish them in the maze. When the characters find cheese, only to have it disappear, they experience change. The different characters show different ways of responding to this change and teach lessons that can be applied to our daily lives. Before I get to the main story line, let me explain the symbolism behind the†¦show more content†¦When he found his way through the maze to Cheese Station N, he wrote all these things on the wall of the station. He applied all these principles to his daily life and changed the way he lived compared to his life at Station C. When changes happen in your life, you can choose to be like Sniff and Scurry, like Hem, or like Haw. Sniff and Scurry kept things simple. They didn’t overanalyze or overcomplicate things. They simply moved on. Hem, he didn’t move on. He stayed in misery and didn’t realize that he needed to change with the change -- move with the cheese. Lastly, theres Haw. He had to learn from his mistakes and laugh at his previously self and move with the cheese. I hope that we can all not make the mistake that Hem and Haw made and learn to deal with change by going with the flow and moving with the cheese! Who Moved My Cheese - Spencer Johnson -Show MoreRelatedWho Moved My Cheese By Spencer Johnson1559 Words   |  7 PagesIdentification In the book Who Moved My Cheese? by Spencer Johnson, out of the four main characters, I most resemble the little person Haw. Right away, it was obvious I was not like the mice. I am a thinker. Sniff and Scurry reacted far too immediately for me. When the change happened, they were already out in the maze seeing what they could find. Change tends to affect me more heavily than it did the mice. I tend to use a combination of brainpower and emotion when I am looking for my Cheese just like HemRead MoreImplementation Of The Loan Resolution1259 Words   |  6 Pagesforbearance module on the host system for tracking purposes. 6. All forbearance plans must include the following documentation: Completed financial information request, proof of income (such as Bank statements, Income tax return, etc.), current credit report, and a debt ratio analysis. This information may differ based on investor requirements. 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According to Gebler if an organization thrives in each of these areas then they will be a successful organization where employees feel safe to state their opinions and report any unethical behavior. The most important area for a company to thrive in is financial stability. â€Å"Every organization needs to make financial stability a primary concern† (Gebler, 2006, p.33). A company needs to be able to manage their money efficientlyRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pagesa fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Yorker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputation is still quite popular. 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The only requirement to this empowerment is to report to Dr. Shaw, any obstacles or difficulties found in the process, thus allowing her to intervene when necessary only. This strength benefits the department’s performance and frees up her time from the day-to-day decisions, allowing her to focus onRead MoreMcdonal Class 12 Project7889 Words   |  32 PagesENTREPRENEURSHIP PROJECT PROJECT REPORT AND MARKET SURVEY OF MCDONALD’S Name of the school : SHARJAH INDIAN SCHOOL NAME OF THE STUDENT : DAN K. JOHN CLASS : XII-E CBSE ROLL NO. : ACADEMIC YEAR : 2012-2013 TEACHER IN CHARGE : MR. JAMES THOMAS INDEX SL. NO. | TITLE | SOURCE OF THE PROJECT | PAGE NO. | SIGN OF THE TEACHER | 1 | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | - | | | 2 | FAST FOOD RESTAURANTAN INTRODUCTION | www.wikipediaRead MoreWendys7606 Words   |  31 PagesWendy Company Report to the Turnaround Committee Prepared By: ABC Consulting, LLC Bryant Perez August 12, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary Background Competition and the Market Field Reports and Competitive Analysis Problems Recommendations Summary Pro-Forman Income Statement Pro-Forma Balance Sheet Notes to Pro-Forma Statements Appendix A: Competitors amp; Ratios Appendix B: Field Reports AppendixRead MoreEssay on Comparing American Culture and Latino Culture1975 Words   |  8 PagesMexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, there are many misconceptions that Latinos are only people who come from Spanish-speaking countries, but in this category we can also include countries like Brazil whose primary language is not Spanish but Portuguese. The term Hispanic means people who come from a country where Spanish is spoken. And the term Latino means someone who comes from Latin America. Because of our Latin American origins, Hispanic Americans are also called Latinos. Within

The 5 P s Model - 815 Words

To guide our data and information collection, we used the 5 P’s Model and a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. We also conducted interviews with three staff members of the DHIS to answer our questions and better understand the issues. The 5 P’s model is a strategic implementation framework used as a lens to evaluate an organization’s purpose, principles, processes, people, and performance (Pryor, 2007). Specifically, we used the 5 P’s analysis to help assess whether DHIS’s many resources and tools were being utilized by the organization on a path to long-term survival (Pryor, 2007).The information obtained from the 5 P’s model helped us bridge the knowing and the doing gap for DHIS. Next we performed a SWOT analysis to gain information on DHIS’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Ensuring that our research had quality and accurate information, interviews were utilized to get the best information possible. Katie set up phone and e-mail interviews with key stakeholders within DHIS that allowed for personal insight into the DHIS. Also, database and internet research was utilized to obtain a comprehensive understanding and complete data collection. After we collected information and obtained insight we had to examine and interpret our findings. To understand DHIS’s organizational and administrative issues, the 5 P’s model was utilized to interpret and organize the issues at all levels within the organization. The 5 P’s model allowedShow MoreRelatedMarketing on Ford Fiesta1529 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen assumed that the customer is female, 28 years old or close to that age, living in or next to big or capital cities and is mainly focussed on design and life-style aspects. The analysis of marketing objectives and strategy starts with Porter’s model of Five Forces shown in the appendix. In order to analyse the environment, the SWOT analysis has been chosen. As part of the SWOT’s analysis of the external environment, a PEST framework has been applied. Finally, the competition of FOG and the productRead MoreEssay On Static Function1463 Words   |  6 Pagescross-gradient function, the coupled parameter models are assumed to have similar structures. Therefore, the structures of true models are designed in the similar way in the following examples, and the physicochemical relationship between the medium elastic and electromagnetic properties are not strictly defined. In this situation, the elastic and electromagnetic properties are negatively associated in example 1 and positively associated in examples 2 and 3. The initial models are critical for the solution ofRead MorePine Street Capital1171 Words   |  5 Pagesvery difficult 5 SHORT SELLING STRATEGY EXAMPLE Long Portfolio Short NASDAQ Total Initial Value $100 $150 $250 Tomorrow NASDAQ (+10%) NASDAQ (-10%) $116 $86 $135 $165 $251 $251 1% 1% Return on Hedged Portfolio As NASDAQ increases by 10%, using ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²*(Market Return), where ÃŽ ± = 1% and ÃŽ ² = 1.5, we get 1 + 1.5(10) = 16% and 1 + 1.5(-10) = -14% As NASDAQ increases by 10%, shorting it results in a 10% decrease ($15 decrease) and vice versa 6 BLACK SCHOLES MERTON MODEL Call Option Read MoreCelta Lesson Plan Real Beginner1137 Words   |  5 Pagespresented in the previous classes. 2. Students will be presented the following possessive adjectives: my, your, his and her | MATERIALS: | Board, chalk, pictures, handouts, cards. | CHECKLIST (tick those included in this lesson plan) | model sentences for target language( x ) | concept questions for target language( ) | phonology of target language indicated( x ) | stages clearly titles and separated( x ) | purpose of each stage indicated( x ) | anticipated timing included( x ) | Read MoreWhat Is The Appearance And Color In Dried Food Products1371 Words   |  6 PagesAppearance and Color Color is a major quality attribute in dried food products. In order to facilitate the comparison of color and appearances of the samples, a digital picture was taken from each dried sample. Figure 5 shows the pictures of the pretreated with citric acid solution, blanched and control samples. The slices treated with citric acid provided better color for drying. It could be concluded that the general appearance and color of the dried potato slices were preserved by treating withRead MoreRetention Or Attrition Problem Has Been Studied For Over 80 Years Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesRetention or attrition problem has been studied for over 80 years. However, the main question remains: what an institution should/can do to retain a student from enrollment to graduation. Tinto s retention theory considers lack of student engagement to be the main risk factor -- the less a student is involved in academic and social settings the higher chances he/she will drop out. (V. Tinto, 1999) Earlier studies considered environmental factors, academic success, and students personal characteristicsRead MoreProbabilistic Coordination Of Ders On Micro Grid Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagescoordination of DERs on micro grid operation considering the associated uncertainties and hourly interruptible loads for a variety of customers. The work presented in this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) A comprehensive stochastic mathematical model has been developed to enable operation interactions of DERs under uncertainty in an islanded micro grid in order to mitigate the variability and intermittency associated with large-scale integration of renewable energy generation. (2) The coordinatedRead MoreEssay about Valuing Coca Cola Stock1214 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract Taking the role as Jessie Jones, we will analyze whether to recommend the Coca Cola stock to potential clients or current clients that do not have it in their portfolio. By using the Capital Asset Price Model (CAPM), Dividends Discount Model (DDM) and the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio we will come to a conclusion. Background The Coca Cola Company, which is based out of Atlanta, Georgia, is a leader in the global soft drink market. It owns subsidiaries in over 195 countries aroundRead MoreThe Five Pmlc Models.975 Words   |  4 PagesThere are five PMLC model. They are: LINEAR PMLC MODEL (Flynn, 2007, p.5) The Linear PMLC model allows projects to be completed in a relatively short period of time with relatively inexperienced team member. (University of Liverpool/Laureate Online Education, 2011). The linear project life cycle model is employed to a project when goals and solutions are clearly defined (Wysocki, 2010). According to Wysocki (2009), the risks and mitigating strategies associated with the linear PMLC are as follows: Read MoreCourse Project Part C1231 Words   |  5 Pagesthe model. 5. Test the utility of the regression model The model is useful because the P-Value is less than ÃŽ ± , so it can be use to predict the true mean of credit balance. P- Value = 0.000000 ÃŽ ± = 0.05 6. My opinion about using Size to predict Credit Balance There is strong evidence supported by the findings in question 1 to 5, that using size to predict credit balance is a good model. 7. 95 % confidence interval for ÃŽ ²1 Term Coef SE Coef T P

Comparing the Living Dead in James Joyces The Dead and...

Dubliners and The Living Dead In his work The Dead, James Joyce utilizes his character Michael Furey, Gretta Conroys deceased love from her youth, as an apparent symbol of how the dead have a steadfast and continuous power over the living. The dominant power which Michael maintains over the protagonist, Gabriel Conroy, is that Gabriel is faced with the intense question of whether his wife, Gretta Conroy, loves him and whether he honestly loves her. Joyce provides substantial information to persuade one to believe that Gabriel does truly love his wife. Even though it is made evident to the reader that Gabriel possesses such devotion and adoration for Gretta, Michael diverts Gabriels confidence in his love, causing Gabriel†¦show more content†¦Gabriel becomes distraught at the revelation of her statement. Joyce describes Gabriels anguished state, Generous tears filled Gabriels eyes. He had never felt like that himself towards any woman, but he knew that such a feeling must be love (Joyce 182). Gabrie l is perplexed as to why, if Gretta loves him so much, she still possesses memories of her first love. He also wonders why this important detail of Grettas life was not brought to his attention at an earlier point. Gabriels recognition that he has been excluded from what he believes to be the deepest experience of Grettas life now becomes the deepest experience of his life. Grettas reaction to his questions about her first love causes Gabriel to become overwhelmed by Michael Fureys control over him. Gabriel by his ideas, his tastes, and his sensitivities has been isolated from others but always found solace in his self-esteem. Michael Furey has destroyed this. The tears gathered more thickly in his eyes and in the particular darkness he imagined he saw a young man standing under a dripping tree (Joyce 182). Though Michael is certainly dead in body, he lives on in the memories of both Gretta and Gabriel, and his influence can in no way be obliterated. Joyce depicts the power Michael has over Gabriel, A vague terror seized Gabriel... as if... some impalpable and vindictive being was coming against him, gathering forces in its vague world (JoyceShow MoreRelated Epiphanies in Joyces Dubliners and Chaucers Canterbury Tales1179 Words   |  5 PagesJames Joyce’s Dubliners is a compilation of stories that all rely on character epiphanies in order to develop each story. These epiphanies change the tone of each story because each yields a negative change or reaction. In both â €Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead†, the characters realize or learn something about the world around them, which makes them second guess either themselves or the reason behind their actions. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales contains at least one tale that relies on an epiphany to helpRead MoreEssay on Comparing Dubliners and To the Lighthouse2394 Words   |  10 PagesComparing Dubliners and To the Lighthouse In Dubliners and To the Lighthouse, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf explore the depressing results of lives devoid of growth or meaning versus those who dare to live their lives in spite of all strife and adversity. Joyce and Woolf are both concerned with the meaninglessness of stagnant lives, the first operating in pre-WWI Ireland, the second in England during and after the war. The Dead and To the Lighthouse both reveal the despair of lives that

The Nature and Relationship of Hitler and Geli Raubal. Free Essays

The last time the public had seen Geli Raubal was when Hitler was heard to shout at h as he was about to get into his car: â€Å"For the last time, no! † She shouted. After he left Raubal shot herself through the heart with a revolver. It has been said and believed that Hitler and his niece Geli Raubal were romantically involved; although there is no forthright proof, the vicious consequences Raubal was forced to go though throughout their time together is strong enough proof to convince a majority of the people that she was driven so far to the edge that she committed suicide. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nature and Relationship of Hitler and Geli Raubal. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Geli Raubal was a typical content adolescent before she came into the likes of her uncle, Adolf Hitler. When Adolf Hitler rented a house in Obersalzberg after he was released from prison, he asked his half-sister, Angela Raubal, to be his housekeeper. She agreed and in August 1928 brought Geli with her to stay with Hitler. This is when his admiration for the love and youth of the Aryan race were able to be exercised as he looked into the eyes of Raubal. It was the fact that her presence released Hitler as she was â€Å"Allowed to laugh at her Uncle Alf and adjust his tie when it had slipped. She was never put under pressure to be specially clever or specially witty. She could be simply what she was – lively and uncomplicated. † – Emil Maurice and her pure Arian-bred features intrigued Hitler so much to the point in which his infatuation was more important than morality and the incorrectness of incest. Hitler proudly introduced Raubal to members of the Nazi party and other guests at social events. Baldur Von Schirach quotes â€Å"In his tone of voice there was a mixture of pride and tenderness as he introduced ‘My niece, Fraulein Raubal. † However, he made sure she was watched closely due to the fact that he protected her to a great extent. As Hitler rose to power as the leader of the Nazi party, he insured a tight rein over Raubal. Nevertheless, Hitler’s efforts to control Geli were at times unsuccessful as she was a free-spirited young woman who often did as she pleased whenever and wherever possible. He did not allow her to assoc iate with friends freely and attempted to have himself or some one he trusted greatly near her at all times, accompanying her on window shopping excursions, the movies and the opera. However, Raubal did not seem to return his feelings and became linked to Emil Maurice, a founding member of the SS and Hitler’s chauffer. Subsequent to when Hitler discovered their relationship he dismissed Maurice instantly. In a letter from Raubal to Maurice that was found, Raubal says â€Å"Uncle Adolf is insisting that we should wait two years. Think of it, Emil, two whole years of only being able to kiss each other now and then and always having Uncle Adolf in charge. I can only give you my love and be unconditionally faithful to you. I love you so infinitely much. Uncle Adolf insists that I should go on with my studies†. Many believe this was not the case, since Adolf said himself to Heinrich Hoffman that he could â€Å"marry her†. Due to this, the jealousy Hitler felt was taken to a whole new level and began so noticeably suffocate Raubal with his jealousy. It was said that Hitler was not the only one who was protestant. Raubal began to become concerned about Hitler’s relationship with nineteen year old, Eva Braun, whom Hitler used to â€Å"take out for rides in his Mercede’s† (Quote: Unknown member of the S. S) which then led to a public relationship. The demonstration of feelings such as jealousy is what led the public to believe that Raubal also had feelings for Hitler. An SA officer, Wilhelm Stocker, who Raubal often confided in told in an interview that â€Å"She admitted to me that at times Hitler made her do things in the privacy of her room that sickened her but when I asked her why she didn’t refuse to do them she just shrugged and said that she didn’t want to lose him† also illustrating that she was flattered by Hitler’s gallantry and generosity. She also complained about the way Hitler controlled her life. On September 8, 1931, Hitler left for Hamburg after having a blazing row with her over her desire to spend some time in Vienna. Hitler was heard to shout at her as he was about to get into his car: â€Å"For the last time, no! † After he left she shot herself through the heart with a revolver. Raubal was found dead from the gunshot wound in Hitler’s Munich apartment on the morning of September 19, 1931, at the age of twenty three. The official cause of death was listed as suicide; most historians surmise that Raubal was distraught over her incestual relationship with Hitler, could not escape it, and killed herself as a result. However, at the time Hitler already had considerable influence with the Munich police, so it cannot be known if they were being objective. There were many rumours, including one that Hitler had in fact shot her (or had her shot) for infidelity, since the bullet came from Hitler’s gun and that she committed suicide because she was expecting Hitler’s child. By all accounts, they argued intensely in the days leading to her death. Nobody knows what really happened between the two. After her death, Hitler threatened to commit suicide himself. Historians have written that Hitler was deeply in love with her, that she was the love of his life and that after her death he was a changed man for the worse. He even turned vegetarian as he claimed â€Å"meat reminded him of Raubal’s corpse†. Hitler had early ambitions to make his way as an artist and continued to draw sporadically after he entered politics. The many sketches of his which survived the war included some ordinary nudes and at least one of these depicted Raubal. Bibliography: Spartacus Educational, 2009 – http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/GERraubal. htm Spiritus Temporis, copyright 2005 – http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/geli-raubal/ Lycos Retriever, copyright 2005 Lycos Inc – http://www. lycos. com/info/eva-braun–geli-raubal. html All Experts, About, Inc, 2007 – http://en. allexperts. com/e/g/ge/geli_raubal. htm How to cite The Nature and Relationship of Hitler and Geli Raubal., Papers

Auditing and Assurance Assessment Financial Level

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance for Assessment Financial Level. Answer: In auditing, inherent risk denotes an error that occurs in financial statements and which does not occur as a result of failure of control but because of other factors .Inherent risks are mostly witnessed in complex transactions as well as those transactions which call for high levels of judgment. On the other hand inherent risk assessment refers to the process used to evaluate risks that are likely to be encountered in a given project. There are several factors that necessitate an increase in risk assessment at the financial level. In this case these factors can have significant impact on the business if assessment is not adequately and timely done. They include, overall economic change, this refers to alterations that take place in a given economy and which can either have positive or negative impact on the economys vivacity .Any economic change affects business operations and may affect factors such as the level of employment in an industry as well as the cost of borrowing. These can either reduce or increase the spending rates of business entities. Because of this, inherent risk assessment would have been necessary to keep the companies spending in check for the achievement of organizational goals and profit maximization. Another factor that could have contributed to this is the increase in technological changes .An industry like telecommunications that solely relies on technology is bound to experience tremendous technological changes in the course of time .In this context, the industry had transformed over the years from having a single player to having multiple players .This therefore means that with the emergence of other telecommunication industries competition was bound to rise and this necessitated adoption of new technologies for efficiency purposes. There was therefore the need to assess the risks that were likely to be brought about by these new technologies and the impact of these technologies on the financial position of the given telecommunications as far as adoption and maintenance is concerned. This could also be necessitated by the actions of different competitors in the industry. In any industry involving different players, an action of one player is bound to affect the other players. This particular industry involved players such as Telstra, Optus and Vodafone all of which had different market shares in the Australian Telecommunication industry .since the three we competing for the same industry any action by either of the company was likely to have an impact on the other two. So if Telstra decided to adopt a new business strategy, Optus and Vodafone were likely to be affected either positively or negatively .It could either lead to increased or reduced earnings for the two depending on the impact of the strategy in the market. Risk assessment was therefore necessary to establish the impact of competitors actions on the other companys financial position. For a company like one Tel which operated in multiple geographical locations such as Australia, UK, France, Netherlands, Hong Kong among others it would have been necessary to conduct risk assessment to identify the performance of the company in different geographical locations and ascertain the strategies that would have been suitable for different geographical areas as well as the overall performance of the company .With this the company could be able to implement strategies that would lead to an improvement in its financial position. This could have been also necessitated by the complex transactions of account balances. Since the company served large populations extending up to several millions and the subsequent high growth rates. It was likely that it would deal with complex transactions involving so much money. The higher the amount of money being dealt with the more the likelihood of encountering transaction errors which could have had significant impact on the operations of the business .risk assessment as therefore necessary to minimize these errors as much as possible. Risks in the business context are uncertainties that could bring about financial difficulties to a business. Strategic risk assessment is a systematic and continuous process that businesses use to access risks that the business enterprise is likely to be facing so that they can adopt those strategies that are most suitable for the business enterprise. Risks such as financial risks can be identified during strategic business risk assessment. Market risk is a financial risk that refers to the market changes that take place in the market of operation. With the emergence of new business entities, strategies are bound to change. Consumers might tend to prefer the products of one of the companies at the expense of others. This trend is identifiable during strategic risk assessment .Competitors actions can also be identified at this stage which ensures appropriate actions are taken to counter the same. Account balance is the total amount of money available at any given time. Each day in the business cycle presents a new account balance which may be more or less than the account balance of the previous day depending on the nature of transactions that have taken place between the two periods. Correct account balance gives a correct image concerning the business. There are several factors that could have led to inherent risk assessment at the account balance level in this case. Telecommunication industry is one kind of an industry that experiences tremendous transactions on daily basis. These transactions are often unpredictable in nature and are carried out in no particular order. This therefore means that there are days in which transactions could rise and days in which they could reduce. The account balance is therefore made up of several non-routine transactions .This high volume of non-routine transactions is factor that could have led to an increased risk assessment at the account balance level. This could have also happened as a result of the Auditors intention of developing an overall audit plan. Development of an audit plan requires that all factors that have to be put into considerations be as objective as possible. This is meant to ensure that the plan is able to achieve its intended objectives. If this was not put into considerations the auditor was likely to consider the wrong information in the development of plans and hence wrong audit plans would have been developed and considered for decision making, thus significantly affecting the business. Another possible factor that could have necessitated inherent risk assessment at the account balance level is the complex transactions that are involved. Telstra alone serves a population of about ten million and has a growth rate of 5% per annum. With such a high population, there is the likelihood of incorporation of complex transactions in the account balance .Where complex transaction are involved errors are bound to happen .These errors may include omission which occurs when some transactions are not recorded or an error in calculation which portrays a bigger or smaller figure than the actual figure .This is also a possibility where wrong amounts are entered for the various transactions that have taken place. When this happens the balance will give a wrong picture pertaining the business. When there is an omission or misstatement in the account balance, it means that decision made and which rely on the on the information presented in the account balance will be affected which could have an overall impact on the business. The transactions could portray the business as having made losses, hence the nature of decisions made will be those aimed at rectifying the situation. This would lead to wastage of time and resources that could have been used for other purposes in the organization .Misstatement can also lead change of loss into income and can affect the compensation levels adopted by organizations With the possibility of these scenarios risk assessment at the account balance level could have been necessitated. Going concern is a principle used in accounting to show a companys ability to continue operating normally over time without becoming bankrupt. This therefore means that the company is able to continue making enough money to sustain itself for a period of time that is adequate for it to achieve its goals and objectives. For purposes of going concern assessment there are several factors in the business that have to be considered. Since going concern is concerned with the ability of a company to sustain itself for the purpose of remaining in the industry considerations should be put on those factors that help in the achievement of this. In this regard negative financial trends should be used for analysis. If a company has been experiencing negative financial trends over a given period of time, chances are that the company will not be able to sustain itself for a long time and may be forced to liquidate because of bankruptcy. Consequently analyzing current financial statements and comparing them with past statements from previous years as well as comparable industrial ratios can also be used for analysis, in case there is a negative trend this also means that the company may not be able to sustain itself in the near future because its ratios would be worsening with time instead of improving as it is the case in normal circumstances. In my own opinion, the area of going concern should be assessed as high. There are several factors that have informed this decision .For a company to be said to be having a high going concern, all indications should show a positive trend and be those that show that the company can sustain itself for as long as possible. The first consideration is the fact that its customer base has continued to improve significantly since its inception. The company has continued to attract new customers while at the same time retaining the old customers. Despite the fact that there has been entrance of new competitors into the market it has continued to dominate the market. This can only mean that the company has an established reputation as far as it services are concerned. The success of any business organization depends solely on its ability to attract and retain new customers. This because it is the customers who provide finances for sustaining the business.so with a large pool of customers , the company does not face the risk of liquidating so its going concern is high. Continued loss in business can be a cause of winding up of business operations. This is because with continued losses the business is not able to get adequate funds to sustain its operations which hinders achievement of its goals. The companys profit making trend has continued to be witnessed regardless of the number of other players in the industry. This means that the company does not face the risk of becoming bankrupt. The growth rate of the company can also be used as a basis for this argument. The company has witnessed a growth rate of 5% per annum. With such a tremendous growth rate, there are all indications that the company is moving in the right direction as far as its business operations are concerned .this is a signifier of the companys ability to penetrate into new markets which translates to increased business prospects hence reducing the risk of liquidating. Innovativeness can also be also be an indicator of high going concern .when a business is innovative ,it means that it will be able to develop new and better ways of doing things. This will enable it to retain its customers and retain new ones. The company has been innovative as far as its products and services are concerned .This is a reason enough to show that the business will remain in operation for a long time. The company has not shown any significant negative trends but has been able to maintain its liquidity ratios, its current ratio , which shows a companys ability to settle its short term obligations with it liquid assets has been maintained. 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